RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Control parameters grouped by the accounts of syntactic

production
Syntactic reduction on account of availability
Fluency
lower speech rate, preceding pause, initial disfluency mean higher
complimentiser rate
Subject identity, referential form and frequency of CC subject
weak correlation with lower that rates
Pronouns I and it also gives negligible correlation

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Collinear relationship between frequency and form based effects
CC subject frequency has higher significance

nterference during lexical retrieval

Demonstrative pronoun that vs demonstrative determiner that

AMBIGUITY AVOIDANCE
Complementiser mentioning leads to ambiguity avoidance
CC onsets annotated as potentially ambiguous do not frequently occur with that

Garden path effects usually weaker with the use of that

Examples I guess..
Help..

AMBIGUITY AVOIDANCE
Listeners usually avoid taking the meaning which has more
profound effect of the complementiser
Ambiguity length for unexpected CCs, with late ambiguity onset,
that is often used

DEPENDENCY PROCESSING
Complementiser mentioning depends on number of words between
verb and CC onset
Number of words in CC following subject also positively correlates
with mention of complementiser that
Listeners have complexity estimate based on the duration and tone
of first 7-9 words before the onset of CC

GRAMMATICALISATION
Epistemic phrases I guess, I mean, I think
Lower rates of usage of that in case of a simple clause following
epistemic phrase
Higher rates of usage of that in case of a comprehensibly difficult
clause
Duration of that in speech positively correlates to complexity of the
following phrase

GRAMMATICALISATION
Lower rates of use of that in case of 1st and 2nd person subject
Higher rates in case of 3rd person subject
I<you<other pronoun<other NP
It is just your point of view, I think

syntactic reduction based on subject

PREDICTIONS OF UID
Depends on information density in the sentence
Words hard to retrieve higher UID
an extension of previous theory

VERB DEPENDENCY
Verbs with higher selection preferences omit objects
Lesser selection preferences usually include objects in the
sentences
Example Tom ate vs Tom saw
Hence, verbs with more information drop their object
object drop phenomenon

LINKING UID AND

GRAMATICALISATION
More the information, more UID, hence inclusion of complementiser
to reduce UID
Less UID, easier to process
Change in speaking style
Animate subjects before inanimate subjects
He gave her a book

NOISY CHANNEL
Two types of noisy channel
Actually noisy rock concert
Listener is not fluent in language but is technically sound

UID needs to be optimized

Assumption that speaker is familiar with the level of speech comprehension of
listener
Duration of each word direct correlation to UID

Use of complemetisers in a noisy channel

CONCLUSIONS
Corpus based findings are unreliable because lack of balance and
heterogeneity of data
Analysing complex data is easier through regression and corpus
based data can include spontaneous data

CONCLUSIONS
Availability based accounts
Dependency processing
Gramaticalisation
UID
Correlation between UID and Gramaticalisation
Noisy channel
that complementiser

THANK YOU