First Aid Skills

FIRST AID

First Aid Skills

Fundamentals of First Aid

What is the purpose of first aid

First Aid is care given to an

injured person to stabilize and
keep him / her safe until he /
she can receive professional
medical attention.

First Aid Skills

Fundamentals of First Aid

Scenario:
A man has been hit by a car and thrown into the
street. He is wearing shorts, and blood is flowing, but
not spurting, from his leg. What looks like a bone is
sticking out of his leg.
What are the two major concerns when giving first
aid to this victim?

First Aid Skills

Fundamentals of First Aid

First, safety of the rescuer from traffic

and the safety of the of the victim.
Second, unless the victim is in a lifethreatening situation, he should not be
moved.
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First Aid Skills

Fundamentals of First Aid

List the Two Major Concerns When
Giving First Aid

a. The first rule of first aid and the primary

concern is: Safety
b. The second concern is, unless the victim is in a
life-threatening situation, he or she should:

Not Be Moved

First Aid Skills

Giving First Aid

R is for Responsiveness

First Aid Skills

How to Use the 911 System

Your name
The emergency
The location of the emergency
Condition of the victim
Stay on the line with the operator until help arrives.
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First Aid Skills

How to use the 911 System

Check the victim for

responsiveness. If they do
not respond or if they tell
you that they need help,
then contact EMS.
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First Aid Skills

When To Move An Injured

Person
P is for Position
Only re-position the victim if the victim is in
further danger in their present location.
And / or there does not seem to be spinal injury
and additional care requires moving them.
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First Aid Skills

Explain when an injured person

should and should not be moved?
If there are suspected spinal injuries,
do not move the victim (except when
the victim is in a life threatening
situation).

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First Aid Skills

Four Steps of Victim

Assessment
Use the mnemonic ABCH

A is for airway
-check to see if the airway is blocked.
Use your finger to sweep the mouth to remove any seen object.
If this fails, then perform the Heimlich maneuver or abdominal
thrusts. We will learn these techniques in later lessons.
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First Aid Skills

Four Steps of Victim

Assessment

B is for breathing
Look, listen and feel by watching the chest and placing
your cheek a few inches above the mouth of the victim to
sense any movement of air. If the victim is not breathing,
they may need their head repositioned.
If they are still not breathing they need rescue breathing, do
not give unless you are trained, instead, find an adult.
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First Aid Skills

Four Steps of Victim

Assessment

C is for circulation
If there is not a pulse, then this person needs CPR.
The best place to check for a pulse is the carotid
artery along the side of the neck along the
windpipe.
If you are not trained in CPR, then find someone
who is.
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First Aid Skills

Four Steps of Victim

Assessment

H is for Hemorrhaging
If the victim is bleeding, then provide the necessary
care.
If not, then begin a secondary assessment.
Complete filling in MWS 2 RAP ABCH Flowchart
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First Aid Skills

Shock - Treatment

Preserve body heat by placing a

blanket or cover over the victim.
Provide insulation, or move the
victim, if possible, to a warmer
environment.
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First Aid Skills

Shock - Treatment

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First Aid Skills

Shock - Treatment
Allergic Reaction
First Question: Is shock the result of an allergic
reaction?
If the shock is the result of an allergic
reaction, then follow victim's instructions
for treating allergy and monitor the
"ABCHs" until medical attention arrives.
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First Aid Skills

Shock - Treatment
Spinal injury do not move the victim.
If result of a head injury or if victim has difficulty
breathing, elevate head and shoulders by placing a
pillow or blanket under head.
If the victim is unconscious or vomiting, then turn
the victim on their left side so the stomach is on
the left side of the body.

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First Aid Skills

Shock - Treatment
If no, elevate legs eight to twelve inches off the
ground.
If less then two hours from medical care, then do
not give fluids (except to those who are conscious
and are severely burned).
If no, give small and periodic amounts of water
(only if conscious).
Wait for medical attention to arrive.
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First Aid Skills

Degree of Burn
Epidermis
Dermis

First
Degree
Burn

Hypodermis

Second
Degree
Burn

Third
Degree
Burn
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First Aid Skills

Burns Degrees of Burns

1. First-degree burn
a. Only the top layer of skin is burned.
b. The skin is only mildly discolored.
c. There is only a little swelling.
d. These burns usually heal within a week.
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First Aid Skills

First-Degree Burn
Redness (Erythema)
First Degree Burn
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Damage to the outer

layer of skin
(epidermis), causing
pain, redness, and
swelling.

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First Aid Skills

Burns Degrees of Burns

1. Second-degree burn
a. Several layers of skin are burned.
b. The skin has a spotty or blotchy

appearance.

c. There is greater swelling, and there are

blisters.
d. These burns take up to three weeks to heal and
should be attended by a physician.
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First Aid Skills

Second-Degree Burn

Second Degree Burn

Damage to both outer skin
and underlying tissue
layers (epidermis and
dermis), causing pain,
redness, swelling, and
blistering.

Blisters (Bulla)

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First Aid Skills

Burns Degrees of Burns

1. Third-degree burn
a. Many layers of skin are burned.
b. There is severe discoloration.
c. Some skin may be charred.
d. These burns can be life threatening.
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First Aid Skills

Third-Degree Burn
Full thickness burn
with tissue damage

Third Degree Burn

Damage extends deeper
into tissues (epidermis,
dermis, and hypodermis)
causing extensive tissue
destruction. The skin may
feel numb.

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First Aid Skills

Heat Burn Treatment

Go through RAP ABCH first, then ask if burn

was caused by heat.
Determine degree and amount of burn.
If it is a third-degree burn or large seconddegree burn, use the ABCH, then treat for
shock.
Do not attempt to pull off the clothing because
skin may come with it.
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First Aid Skills

Heat Burn Treatment

Cut it off if attached to the skin.
Apply a sterile dressing and elevate.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Burn is first-degree or small second-degree,
apply cold water/compress until pain stops.
If you must use ice, provide a barrier.
Do not apply an ointment.
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First Aid Skills

Chemical Burn Treatment

Determine if burn was caused by a dry chemical.

If so, brush it off, remove clothing, wash area
fifteen to twenty minutes.
If not caused by dry chemical, remove clothing
and jewelry, wash area for fifteen to twenty
minutes.
Seek medical attention in both cases.
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First Aid Skills

Electrical Burn Treatment

If burn is not chemical, then its an electrical

burn.
Is victim in contact with electrical source, are
you at risk.
If yes, ask adult to turn off power.
May entail calling 911 to have then call
appropriate person.
Treatment same as heat burn.
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First Aid Skills

First Aid Kit

Container To keep all first aid items in
one common container.
Gauze Pads -To cover wounds and prevent
infection.
Roll Bandage -To stabilize strains and
sprains and cover wounds.
Triangular Bandage -To cover wounds and
prevent infection .
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First Aid Skills

First Aid Kit

Bandages -To stop minor bleeding and

prevent infection.
Adhesive Tape -To secure bandages
to wounds.
Antibacterial Ointment -To prevent
infection on small cuts.
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First Aid Skills

First Aid Kit

Calamine Lotion -To prevent itching.

Soap -To clean minor wounds and cuts
and to prevent infection.
Latex Gloves -To protect the rescuer
from infection and blood pathogens.
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First Aid Skills

First Aid Kit

Bandage Scissors -To cut gauze and

bandages.
Tweezers -To pull splinters.
Moleskin -To protect blisters and
prevent infection.
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First Aid Skills

First Aid Kit

Where should a first aid kit be placed?
It should be placed in a visible
location near the center of the
activities. Everyone should be aware
of its location.

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