Introduction to Information

Resource Management
Jordan M. Conte
Instructor

History on Secured information

1900 BC first written cryptography

500 BC Hebrew substitution cipher
50 BC Caesar cipher
1844 telegraph (easily tapped , civil war)
1876 telephone was invented
1900 radio/ wireless (easily intercept)

WAVE

PERIOD

ACTIVITIES

First Wave

Agricultural Age

Farming

Second Wave

Industrial Age

Mass Production

Third Wave

Information Age

Specification /
Information

What is INFORMATION?
Information is data that have been collected and
processed into a meaningful form.

Why information needed?

To perform task/ job

To plan
To solve problems
To make decisions
To take action

Sources of Information
Internal Sources
Organizational Chart who does what?
Reports and annual accounts
List of directors and managers with their
responsibilities
Telephone directories
Personnel departments

Sources of Information
External Sources

Reference books
Quality newspapers/ magazines
Public / Academic Libraries
Public relation department of a company
Commercial organization who is expert in
providing companies information through
computer.

What is RESOURCES?
A re-usable source of supply to produce something.
To maximize the efficient and effective use of resources,
they must be classified in order to share them and
eliminate unwanted redundancy, and controlled in
order to receive, store and distribute them properly.
Examples:

Human Resources
Financial Resources
Material Resources
Information Resources

What is MANAGEMENT?
A set of activities (including planning and
decision making, organizing, leading, and
controlling) directed at an organizations
resources (human, financial, physical,
information) with the aim of achieving
organizational goals in an effiecient and effective
manner.

What is INFORMATION RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT?
A process to manage information efficiently and
effectively in fulfilling the objectives of the firm.
IRM concepts rest in the premise that
information, information related activities,
technologies and personnel are important
organizational resources that deserved to be
managed like any other resources in an
organization (Trauth, 1989)

Definitions of IRM
IRM is the management (planning,
organizations, operations, and control) of
resources (human and physical) concern with
the system support (development, enhancement,
and maintenance) and the servicing (processing,
transformation, distribution, storage and
retrieval) of information (data, text, voice,
image) for an enterprise.
- (Schneyman, 1985)

Definitions of IRM
IRM is the recognition by an organization that
data and information are valuable resources and
the application of the same principles in managing
data and information as are used in managing
physical resources such as personnel.
- (McLeod and Brittain White, 1988)

IRM, simply put, is the belief that information is

an asset that should be managed rigorously and
can be contribute to the success of businesses.
- (Kerr, 1991)

Definitions of IRM
IRM is an activity that is pursued by managers in
all level of the firm for the purpose of
identifying, acquiring, and managing the
information resources needed to satisfy the
information needs
- (McLeod and Shells, 2001)

Components of IRM in Modern Organization

The Information Resources
Software

Hardware

Information
Specialist

Information
Users

Facilities

Database

Why IRM?
Necessity in todays modern organization
The engine that is driving the information
economy whereby information and knowledge
are intensively used.
Information resources - - - important asset
Therefore, it need effective management

Benefits of IRM
Identifies gaps and duplication of information
Clarifies roles and responsibilities of owners and
users of information
Provide cost saving in the procurement and
handling information
Identifies cost/ benefits of different information
resources.
Actively supports management decision
processes with quality information.

Who needs IRM?

Any organization that wants to survive in todays
turbulent dynamic environment need IRM in
order to be adaptive, knowing and learning.

Adaptive Organization
An organization that modifies its business
practices in response to the changing needs of its
stakeholders: customers, employees, and
stockholders. It rapidly adapt to changes in its
operating environment , it doesnt take the time
to determine the underlying patterns of change
within the environment.

Knowing organization
The knowing organization possesses information
and knowledge so that it is well informed,
mentally perceptive and enlightened. Its actions
are based on shared and valid understanding of
the organizations environments and needs.

Learning organization
An organization in which everyone is engaged in
identifying and solving problems, enabling the
organizations to continuously experiment, improve, and
increase capability.
Changing employee behaviors and attitude is the key to
the continuous organizational renewal needed in todays
rapidly changing world.
The organization as a whole is committed to continual
improvement of every facet of itself, its products and its
services by learning.
(Senge, Peter M.)

Where and When?

Challenge to perform better, effectively, and quickly
sharing of information and knowledge is critical for
organization.
Wherever and whenever possible, information should be
stored in a form that maximizes its inherent usefulness.
Information is a valuable resource and requires careful
stewardship.
Organization that handles information processes with
people who regularly needs to access distributed
information in the course of workday such as data
workers, and knowledge workers.

HOW?
Enterprise Resource Planning
Willard Model

Enterprise Resource Planning

An integrated software solution used to manage a companys
resources.
Business planning systems have been evolving for decades, and
ERP is the current generation.
ERPs immediate predecessor s, MRP (Material Requirements
Planning) and MRP II ( Manufacturing Resources Planning),
focused mainly on managing the manufacturing and accounting
resources of a company.

Todays ERP systems now integrate all business management

functions including planning, inventory/ materials
management, engineering, order processing, manufacturing,
purchasing, accounting and finance, human resources, and
more.

The Willard Model

Identification
The discovery of information resources and the recording of their features in
an inventory

Ownership
The establishment of responsibility of the upkeep of the information resource

Cost and Value

Assessment of the cost of an information resource and its value to the
organization.

Development
The further development of an existing information resource to enhance its
value to the organization.

Exploitation
The processes which may allow a resource to generate further value through
conversion to an asset or a saleable commodity.

Discussion
Information warfare

Classes of information warfare

Personal information warfare
Corporate information warfare
Global information warfare

Corporate information warfare

Kodak vs. Fuji
Fuji stole plans from kodak to build dispossable
cameras
Kodak hired ex-CIA operatives as Information
Warriors
Eventually Kodak came to the market first with the
cameras

Shredders with scanners built in to them

Scan before shredding
Stored in memory for eventual download

Corporate information warfare

Business is war
- Old Japanese Proverb