PENGENALAN BAHAN

BERBAHAYA

KECELAKAAN
INDUSTRI KIMIA

Many potential dangerous chemical substances (risk)

Death or personal injury
High potential magnitude of the occured explosion
Financial loss occured after disaster accident (loss, damage or destruction of property
other than the product itself)
Health-care continuous exposure to error (impact)

$1.35BN

$1.4BN
$1.2BN

$950M

$1BN
$800M
$600M
$400M
$200M
$0

$440M
$300M

$110M

'98

'99

* 02 Loss Exceeding $50M include:

Gas, plant fire, Kuwait
Refinery fire, Japan
Power station flood, Washington State

'00

'01

'02*

$150M
$ 75M
$ 70M

FLIXBOROUGH, UK (1974
vapour cloud explosion

(28 deaths, 104 injur

3000 evacuated)

PIPER ALPHA (1988)

(167 dea

PHILLIPS 66, PASADENA, TX 1989 (ISOBUTANE

(23 deaths, 125 injured

1300 evacuated)

CONCEPT SCIENCES (1999) - KOH + NH2OH (

AMMONIUM NITRATE EXPLOSION, TOU

Seveso, Italy (1976) herbicide plant,

runaway reaction, chemical release,
447 injured, long term health problems,
$50,000,000
Bhopal, India (1984) - pesticide plant,
chemical release, 2,500 dead, 200,000
injured, $250,000,000
Chernobyl, USSR (1986) nuclear
reactor, 31 dead, 237 injured, long
term health problems, $3,000,000,000.
Basle, Switzerland (1986) chemical
warehouse fire, 0 dead, 0 injured,
environmental damage.
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US Department of Transportation Regulation

Hazardous Material
Materials that were flammable,
explosive, corrosive, toxic, radioactive
or if it readily decomposes to oxygen at
elevated temperatures.

US Department of Transportation Regulation

Corrosive Materials

Materials that evoke a chemical process

which converts minerals and metals into
unwanted products
Acidity

(HCl, H2SO4, ClSO3H, HF, HCOOH,

CHCOOH) Oxidizing agent (HClO4, H2SO4 ,
HNO3) Hygroscopic (H2SO4), Alkalis (KOH,
NaOH)
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US Department of Transportation Regulation

Toxic Materials

Materials which, upon entering an human body is

capable of producing disease or death

Toxicity factor consist of (1) The quantity of the material (2)

The rate and extent to which the material is absorbed into the
bloodstream via intravenous, inhalation, intraperitoneal,
intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral or cutaneous (3) The rate
and extent to which the material is biologically transformed in
the body to breakdown product.
HEAVY METAL POISONS (Arsenic, Lead, Mercury
salts), toxic gases (Asphyxiant (CO, HCN, NO), Irritant (NO2,
H2S, SO2) Anesthetic (diethyl eter, N2O2)), organic pesticides
(insecticide Aldrin, DDT, Parathion, Chlordane, Diazinon,
Dieldrine, Lindane, Malathion, Methoxychlor, Carbyl)
Protection : (1) Recirculating oxygen (2) Demand compressed
air/O2 (3) Recirculating self generating oxygen (4) suits wear
that made of material impervious to the toxic material
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US Department of Transportation Regulation

Explosive Materials

Materials in the form of compound or mixture of

compound which suddenly undergoes a very rapid
chemical transformation with the simultaneous
production of large quantities of heat and gases
(CO, CO2, N2, steam, O2) and always accompined
by a vigoros shock and an associated noise
(brisance)
Nitroglycerin,

TNT, lead trinitroresorcinate (lead

styphnate), lead azide Pb(N3)2, mercury fulminate
(Hg(CNO)2,
cyclonite
(RDX),
tetryl,
pentraerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), dynamite
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PERALATAN KESELAMATAN
KERJA

13

SEPATU KERJA
COVERALLS/JACKET
SARUNG TANGAN KERJA
KACAMATA PENGAMAN
TOPI KESELAMATAN (HELM)
HELM PENGELASAN
ALAT PEMADAM KEBAKARAN

PERALATAN
KESELAMATAN
KERJA

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PERALATAN
KESELAMATAN
KERJA

TABIR PENGELASAN
PELINDUNG MUKA
PENUTUP TELINGA
(EARPLUG)
PERALATAN PERLINDUNGAN
PERNAPASAN
BREATHING APPARATUS
ALAT BANTU NAPAS
ABBRASIVE BLASTING

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