Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Phenomenology
deals with individuals (maybe 1015)
lived
experience
on
a
phenomenon or a problem in term
called encounters. For example,
you might interview 15 widows and
ask
them
to
describe
their
experiences of the deaths of their
husbands. You might interview
students who have experiences and
encounters with bullies
Ethnography
focuses on describing the culture of
a group of people. Note that a culture
is the shared attitudes, values,
norms, practices, language, rituals
and material things of a group of
people. For example, you might
decide to go and live in Mangyan
communities and study their culture
and health practices. You may live
with people who belonged to the
third sex to understand their lives,
problems, coping mechanisms and
alike
Grounded theory
done to generate and develop a
theory from data that the researcher
collects. For example, you might
collect data from 20-30 parents and
who have pulled their children out of
public schools and develop a theory
explaining how and why this
phenomenon
occurs,
ultimately
developing a theory of school pullout. Or you might develop a theory
on how and why the people of
Marinduque are selling their votes to
the traditional and clan politicians
Dimension
Approach or Subtype
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Case Study
Grounded Theory
Research
purpose
To describe one
or more
individuals
experiences of a
phenomenon
To describe the
cultural
characteristics of
a group of people
or their cultural
practices /
changes
To describe one
or more cases indepth and
address the
research
questions or
issues
To inductively
generate a
theory describing
and explaining a
phenomenon
Primary data
collection
In-depth
interviews with
10-15 people
Participantobservation
(POA) with a
group of people
over an extended
period of time
Use of multiple
methods
(interviews,
document
analysis, POA,
etc.)
In-depth
interviews with
20-30 people and
observation with
them
Data analysis
approach
Write their
narratives, get
the meanings of
their narratives
and identify the
essence of the
phenomenon
Holistically
describe them
and look for
cultural themes
Holistic
description (with
combination of
narratives,
statistics,
documents, etc)
and look for
cultural themes
Narrative report
focus
Rich description
of the
characteristics
and essences of
the peoples
experiences
Rich description
of context and
cultural themes
Rich description
of the cases
context, themes,
issues and their
implications
Description of
the topic and
people studies
and end with the
presentation of
the theory. List
of propositions
may also be
Historiography
about events that occurred in the past.
For example, you might study the use of
corporeal punishment in schools in the
19th century. You might study how
political clientilism becomes a culture in
Marinduque or how Islamic extremism
occurred in Sulu.
not a mere accumulation of facts and
dates or even a description of past
events
Ethnohistory, the study of the cultural
Why a rise on extremism in thepast of a group of people, their past
indigenous,
folkloric,
rural,
etc.
Philippines?
knowledges
Prosopography, the techniques are
more akin to profiling of biographical
details (family background, childhood
events,
educational
background,
religion, etc.) that are found in common
or in the aggregate among a group of
peoplee.g. heads of states, political
leaders, generals, professors, terrorists
and/or elites in society.
How it is to be
rural?
What is rurality?
Hermeneutics
considered as both philosophy and a
specific mode of analysis, provides
the philosophical grounding for
interpretivism. As a mode of analysis,
it suggests a way of understanding
textual data.
Narrative analysis
A narrative is a "tale, story, recital of
facts, especially story told in the first
person." There are many kinds of
narrative, from oral narrative through
historical narrative. Metaphor is the
application of a name or descriptive
term or phrase to an object or action
to which it is not literally applicable
(e.g. a window in Windows 98)
Narrative and metaphor have long
been key terms in literary discussion
and analysis. It includes metaphor
and
symbolism
in
indigenous
cultures, oral narrative, narrative and
metaphor in organizations, metaphor
and
medicine,
metaphor
and
psychiatry, etc.
Sources of data in narrative analysis
studies are, but often include case
studies, existing documents (such as
archives and records), forms of media
(newspaper, audio accounts), etc.
Cockfighting, an avenue
between the rich and the poor
interaction
Secondary Analysis
the re-analysis of data that was
originally compiled by another
researcher for other purposes than
the one the present researcher
intends to use it for
example are compiled criminal
reports, which can be analysed to
understand the rise and fall of
certain actor.
often, secondary analysis involve
adding an additional variable to an
existing dataset. This variable will be
something that the researcher
collects on their own, from another
dataset or from another source of
information
related technique is the metaanalysis of several different studies
dealing with the same research
question. It is decidedly quantitative,
but involves some of the same
sorting and coding techniques
found in qualitative research