Potensi Obat Tumbuhan Mangrove

KULIAH FARMASI BAHARI 2

BY
YASMIWAR SUSILAWATI

Informasi Umum Tumbuhan Mangrove

16 famili and 20 genus dengan total 54 spesies

tumbuhan mangrove (Indonesia 39 sp)

3 Genus utama :
Red Mangrove

(Rhizophora mangle)
Black Mangrove
(Avicennia germinans)
White Mangrove
(Laguncularia racemosa)

All are found throughout tropics

Zonasi Tumbuhan Mangrove

Bark Identification

James A. Danoff-Burg, Columbia University,

jd363@columbia.edu

Tree Characters

James A. Danoff-Burg, Columbia University,

jd363@columbia.edu

Pneumatophores

James A. Danoff-Burg, Columbia University,

jd363@columbia.edu

Epiphytes

James A. Danoff-Burg, Columbia University,

jd363@columbia.edu

Lingkungan mangrove baik sebagai :

habitat untuk

Spiny lobster

snook

organisma lain
Tempat
pemeliharaan
anak2 ikan

conche

Mangrove juga baik sebagai

buffer zone terhadap

terjangan ombak dan

melindungi daratan
Struktur akar
memperlambat
ombak yang datang

http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/images/Rhizop_mangl2.jpg

http://216.156.75.137/Mangroveproproots.jpg

Red Mangrove
identified by their

prominent prop root

structure
leaves are often shiner
and larger than other
mangrove leaves.
propagules which are
their embryonic root
structure.
http://216.156.75.137/Mangroveproproots.jpg

Avicennia (black mangrove)

Lagunicularia (white mangrove)

Hal yang paling menarik dari Red Mangrove :

Memiliki potensi pengobatan
Dulu, budaya2 yg berbeda telah menggunakan

red mangrove untuk menangani sakit

tenggorokan dan hemoptisis (batuk berdarah)
pada penderita tuberculosis paru
Penggunaan lain : Ekstrak air kulit batang

dapat menyembuhkan luka dan dapat

digunakan sebagai antiulcer gastrik

What about today

one study Marrero et al. studied the different

properties that the aqueous bark extract contained

The study showed that the red mangrove contained

an anti-flammatory mechanism involving

eicosonoids cascade and showed the healing
properties of the red mangrove on in vitro tests.

Another Study :
Studied the effect of the aqueous bark on rats
tested its ability to inhibit gastric excretion and to

see if it protected gastroduodenal mucus.

Induced ulcers and other conditions to see how the
control and variable groups of rats were affected.
Red mangrove significantly decreased the damage
done by the induced gastric mucosal.
Another possibility: tannins

Other studies were done

Proved antiseptic

properties in rabbits
wounds and sutured
injuries and in calves
open wounds.

One step further..

They used humansvolunteers

of course!
Control group with
mercurochrome
Subjects with the red mangrove.
The results showed that there
was a greater reduction in injury
size when the patient was
treated with the red mangrove.
Also time of recovery was
quicker.

different mangrove plants are reported to possess diverse medicinal

properties
Acanthus illicifolius, Avicennia marina and Exoecaria

agallocha ditunjukan efektif sebagai analgesik

The leaf extracts of Bruguiera cylindrica and bark of
Rhizophora mucronata menunjukan antivitas antiviral
against Newcastle disease, vaccinia and hepatitis B viruses.
A. illicifolius digunakan untuk penyakit kulit, bisul dan
luka.
Lumnitzera racemosa bisa diaplikasikan untuk penyakit
kulit termasuk lepra
They have been reported to treat different kinds of diseases
(headaches, boils, ulcers and diarrhea).

different mangrove plants are reported to possess diverse medicinal

properties

A number of mangroves and associates contain

poisonous substances, which also show biological

activities such as antifungal, antibacterial,
antifeedant, molluscicidal, and pesticidal properties
As a preliminary study, it has found that aqueous
and ethanol extracts of some mangrove species have
antimicrobial activities. Therefore, it is possible to
control infectious agents using natural products
responsible for the inhibitory effect on pathogenic
microorganisms using mangrove plant extracts.

Mangrove plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites :

Steroids
Triterpenes
Saponins
Flavonoids
Alkaloids
Tannins

 Extracts from mangrove species have

proven effective against human, animal and

plant pathogens, but only limited
investigations have been carried out to
identify the metabolites responsible for
their bioactivities.

Cross-section of red mangrove

branch

Medicinal uses :
Skin disorders and sores including leprosy may be

treated with ashes or bark infusions of certain species of

mangrove. Reported to be an astringent, emmenagogue,
expectorant, hemostat, styptic and tonic,
red mangrove is a folk remedy for angina, asthma,
backache, boils, constipation, convulsions, diarrhea,
dysentery, dyspepsia, elephantiasis, eye ailments, fever,
fungal infections, headaches, hemorrhage, inflammation,
jaundice, kidney stones, lesions, malaria, malignancies,
rheumatism, snakebites, sores, sore throat, syphilis,
toothache, tuberculosis, ulcers and wounds.

Medicinal uses :White Mangrove

Laguncularia racemosa
Its bark has a long herbal history for treating various

ailments. The shurbs high tannin content makes it

astringent. It was used as a fever tonic to treat
scurvy, dysentery, and skin ulcers. It is reported to
have anti-tumor activity.