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Lecture No : 13
(Data Collection-Questionnaire)
Recap
The Data is collected from primary and
secondary sources
The primary data collect via
Observation, panels, interviews,
questionnaires etc
Interview are structure and unstructured
While interviewing there are certain
guidelines
There are structured and unstructed
interviews
2
There are some advantages /
Questionnaires
Data Collection is mechanism when the
researcher knows exactly what is
required and how to measure the
variables of interest.
Types of Questionnaire:
Personally Administered
Questionnaires
Mostly local area based, org is willing to
have a group of employee respond to it.
It is Cheaper then interviews, helps
remove doubts, motivating respondents
Mail Questionnaires:
Wide geographical area can be reached,
respondents have flexibility of time , It is
more cost effective but the response rate
is low,
Can improve by giving some incentives
and doubts cannot be clarified.
Sequencing of Questions
Biases in Questions:
Double Barreled:
Questions has more than one question
within it.
E.g. Do you think that the course
content is adequate and it applicable at
your work?
Ambiguous Question:
Respondent does not know what it means.
E.g. To what extent would you say you are
happy?
Do you discuss you work with your boss
regularly? Do you go to movies frequently?
Frequently may mean once in a week, or
once in a month. Regularly may mean every
Recall Dependent:
Questions based on past experiences
and rely on memory.
E.g. After 30 years of work one would
not remember the first job details such
as name of the boss/ years worked in a
department
Leading Questions:
Are worded in such a way that it would lead
the respondent to answer in a way that the
researcher would like to or want to give.
E.g. Dont you think that in these days of
escalating costs of living employee should
be given good pay raise?
Better.. To what extent do you agree that
employee should be given higher pay raise.
Example:
Dont you think that more women should
be promoted to decision making line
positions in organization
Loaded Questions:
Are when they are phrased in an
emotionally charged manner.
E.g. To what extent do you think
management is likely to be vindictive/
(cruel) if the union decides to go on strike.
Better. To what extent you favor strike
To what extent you fear that there would be
a adverse reaction from the management.
Social Desirability:
Is when questions are worded such that
they elicit(draw out) socially desirable
response
e.g. Do you think that older people should
be laid off?
..better
There are advantages and disadvantages to
retaining senior citizens in the workforce. To
what extent do you think companies should
Exercise
If you have been in the company for
fifteen years please indicate the year of
joining or the name of you colleague.
Bad question as it is recall dependent
Recap
Questionnaires
Personally Administered Questionnaires
Mail questionnaires
Guide line for wordings