FACTORS

GROUP 2

MAIZATUL HUSNA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK

SITI SHUHADA BINTI MOHMMED DAHLAN
KHAIRUL MUNA BINTI AZMI
NURUL JANNAH BINTI MAMAT

 FACTORS

1.The factors of whole number are the whole numbers

which
divide into it exactly. For example, the factors of
18 are 1,2,3,6,9 and 18.
2.A prime has only two factors ,I and the number itself. For
example, the factors of the number 7 are 1 and 7.
the factors of prime number 19 are 1 and 19.
# A whole number can be written as a product
of its prime factors for example:
18 = 2 X 3 X 3
60 = 2 X 3 X 5

Children will have used the idea of a factors in

multiplication and division but the word factor will
probably not have been used. Ways of introducing
this word are discussed below.
ACTIVITIES
1 A good way to introduce the idea of a factor is to choose
particular
number and find the different multiplications which give
that
number.
For example, if 12 is the number chosen, then

1 X 12 = 12

2 X 6 = 12

3 X 4 =12

12 X 1 = 12

6 X 2= 12

4 X 3 = 12

These various multiplications can helpfully be

shown
in diagrams, as below:
1 X 12 = 12

2 X 6 = 12

3 X 4 = 12
4 X 3 = 12

6 X 2 = 12
12 X 1 = 12

From these diagrams the children see that 12

objects can be arranged in ones, twos, threes, fours,
sixes, and twelve's. Each of the numbers 1, 2 , 3 ,
4 , 6 , and 12 is a factors of 12.

2 From Activity 1 the children should see that if a

number is divided by one of its factors there is no
remainder. For example when 12is divided, in turn,
by each of its factors we have:
12 1 = 12
12 4 = 3

12 2 = 6
12 6 = 2

12 3 = 4
12 12 = 1

The children should use this idea to find the factors of the
number. For Example, using 24 we have;

have

24 1 = 24
24 2 = 12
24 3 = 8
24 4 =6
24 5 has remainder
24 6 = 4
24 7 = has remainder

24 9 has remainder
24 10 has remainder
24 11 has remainder
24 12 = 2
24 13 to 24 23 is all
remainder
24 24 = 1

The factors of 24 are 1 , 2 , 3 , 4, 6 , 8 , 12 ,

and 24.24 has 8 factors.
Note; a) with experience children find that there is
no need to try all the numbers up to 24.They should
first write down the factors 1 and 24,then try each
number up to 12. After 12 there no need to try 13 to
23(each answer must be 1,with a reminder).
b) when the children find that, for example,3 is a
factor of 24, they should understand that 8 is also a
factor
(3 8 = 24 and 8 3 = 24). The
children should have plenty of practice in finding
factors in this way.

 3 when the children can find the factors

of numbers they can go on to discuss
the idea of common factors. For
example, they know that :
the factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6 and 12;
the factors of 18 are 1,2,3,6, and 18.
So
the common factors of 12 and 18 are
1,2,3, and 6.
The greatest of these is 6.

 So the greatest common factor of 12

and 18 is 6. (some teachers use the
phrase highest common factor.)

Plenty of practice should be given in

finding common factors and greatest

common factors of pairs of numbers.
The extension to three or more
numbers is straightforward if the
basic ideas are understood.