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3.
Virus Structure
Viruses consist basically of a core of nucleid acid-the genomesurrounded by a protein coat.
The protein coat protects the viral genome from inactivation
by adverse environmental factors, e.g. nucleases in the
blood stream.
It is antigenic and often responsible for stimulating the
production of protective antibodies.
The structures which make up a virus particle are known as :
Virionthe intact virus particle.
Capsidthe protein coat.
Capsomeresthe protein structural units of which the
capsid is composed.
Nucleic acid
Envelopethe particles of many viruses are surrounded by
a lipoprotein envelope containing viral antigents but also
partly derived from the outher membrane or, in some
cases, the nuclear membrane of the host cell.
Virus Structure
continue
CLASSIFICATION
Virusses are assigned to groups mainly on the morphology of the
virus particle, but also of their nucleid acid and method of RNA
transcriptation.
Classification of DNA viruses and their diseases
Family
Viruses
Diseases
Poxviruses
Variolla
Smallpox
Herpesvises
Herpes simplex
Varicella-zoster
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
Chickenpox, shingles
Infection in the
immunocompromised
Adenoviruses
Adenoviruses
Conjunctivitis
Hepadnaviruses
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis
Viruses
Diseases
Orthomyxoviruses
Influenza
Influenza
Paramyxoviruses
Parainfluenza
Respiratorysyncytial
Measles
Mumps
}Respiratory infection
Coronaviruses
Coronavirus
Respiratory infection
Rhabdoviruses
Rabies
Rabies
Picornaviruses
Enteroviruses
Rhinoviruses
Hepatitis A
Meningitis, paralysis
Colds
Hepatitis
Reoviruses
Rotavirus
Gastroenteritis
Retroviruses
HTLV I, II
HIV 1, 2
Virus Replication
Virus Growth Cycle
4. Transcription
i. The production of virus mRNA or replicative intermediate
from the viral genom
ii. Carried out either by host cell or virus-specified enzyme
iii. Subject to complex control mecanisms
a. Patterns of transcription often differ before (early)
and after (late) virus nucleic acid replication
b. Many virus genomes contain promoters and
enhancers that stimulate transcription
c. Primary transcripts are often spliced to remove
intron sequences between expressed exons
d. Transcription sometimes overlaps with different
starting and/or termination points within one gene to
produce different proteins from the same nucleic acid
sequence.