Nonwovens

R.Senthil Kumar, Senior Lecturer,

sen29iit@yahoo.co.in.
Kumaraguru College of Technology,
Coimbatore-06.
Tamil Nadu,India
Nonwovens
Introduction

R.Senthil Kumar,
sen29iit@yahoo.co.in.
What are Nonwovens?
 Nonwoven fabrics are defined as a sheet, web or batt of
directionally or randomly oriented fibers/filaments, bonded
either by friction, and/or cohesion and / or adhesion.

 In general, nonwoven fabric formation is a two-step process,

i.e. web formation (laying up the fibers with certain
orientation characteristics) and bonding the fibers by
mechanical, thermal or chemical means.
Nonwovens -Definition
 INDA definition:
Nonwovens are a sheet, web, or batt of natural
and/or man-made fibers or filaments, excluding
paper, that have not been converted into yarns, and
that are bonded to each other by any of several
means.

 EDANA definition:
Nonwovens are a manufactured sheet, web or batt of
directionally or randomly oriented fibers, bonded by
friction, and/or cohesion and/or adhesion, excluding
paper or products which are woven, knitted, tufted
stitch bonded incorporating binding yarns or
filaments, or felted by wet milling, whether or not
additionally needled.
Production Rate of Various System
   Technology Relative Production Rate
Weaving 1-6
Knitting 3-16
Nonwovens - web forming :
-carding 120-40
-spun bond 200-2000

-wet-laid 2300
Nonwovens -bonding
- -stitch bonding 40
- -needling 30-500
- -calendering 2000
- -hot air bonding 5000
Classification of Nonwovens Nonwovens
Spun Laid

Wet Laid Web

Laying

Dry Laid

Cross Parallel Composite Bonding

Stitch Mechanical Adhesive Thermal Spun

Oven Calendaring
Heating
Spunlaced or
Needlepunching
Hydroentanglement

Melt Blown Spun 
Bonding
Ref.: Handbook of Nonwovens
Type of Raw Materials Used for Nonwovens

 Polypropylene – 63%
 Polyester – 23%
 Viscose Rayon – 8%
 Acrylic – 2%
 Polyamide – 1.5%
 Others – 2.5%
Manufacturing Methods of Nonwovens