LATENT HEAT

Dipandu Oleh
Ir. Dewi Fernianti, MT.

Hendri Wijaya
(122014031)

M. Zaky Zen
(122014033)

HEAT

SPECIFIC
HEAT
CAPACITY

SOLID

TEMPERATURE

LATENT HEAT

LIQUIDS

GAS

What is latent heat ?

Latent heat is defined as the heat absorbed
or released when a substance changes its
physical state completely at constant
temperature

2 different type of latent heat

1) Latent heat fusion
2) Latent heat of vaporization

What is latent heat of fusion ?

Latent heat fusion is the heat absorbed
when a solid melt at constant temperature

During melting, the heat absorbed is used to

break up the bonds between the particles.
The particles are free from their fixed
positions and are able to vibrate and move
among each other .

What is latent heat of

vaporization ?
Latent heat of vaporization is the heat
absorbed when a liquid changes into
vapor at constant temperature

When liquid boils, the heat absorbed is used

to completely break the bonds of the
particles and also to do work against
atmospheric pressure when the gaseous
vapor expands into the atmosphere.

LIQUID
AND GAS

Molecules are
held together
tightly.
When heated, it
gain energy and
vibrate about
their fixed
position at
greater speeds
and amplitudes.

The liquid starts to boil

Latent heat of vaporization is
absorbed the liquid.

GAS

The liquid
vaporizes
completely
into gas.

SOLID
LIQUID

The solid begin to melt.

Latent heat of fusion is
absorbed by the solid.
The molecules are
freed from their fixed
positions and are able
to move about.

SOLID AND
LIQUID

The liquid
temperature
rises.
Molecules
begin to
moves
faster and
randomly.

What is specific latent heat?

Specific latent heat, L, of a substance
defined as the amount of heat required to
changed the phase of 1 kg of the
substance at a constant temperature.
It can be calculated as;

L = Q/m

where;
Q = latent heat absorbed or released by the
substance
m = mass of the substance
The S.I unit joule per kilogram (JKg-1)
The amount of heat required to change the
phase of substance depends on the mass
and type of material of the substance

Specific latent heat of

fusion

Specific latent heat

of vaporization

Substance
kJ.kg-1
C

kJ.kg-1

Water

334

2258

100

Ethanol

109

-114

838

78

Ethanoic acid

192

17

395

118

Chloroform

74

-64

254

62

Mercury

11

-39

294

357

Sulphur

54

115

1406

445

Hydrogen

60

-259

449

-253

Oxygen

14

-219

213

-183

Nitrogen

25

-210

199

-196

What is specific latent heat of

fusion ?
Specific latent heat of fusion of a substance
defined as the amount of heat required to
change 1 Kg of the amount from solid to
liquid phase at constant temperature

What is specific latent heat of

vaporization ?
Specific latent heat of vaporization of a
substance is defined as the amount of
heat required to change 1 Kg of the
substance from the liquid to gaseous
phase without a change in temperature.

 The S.I unit is joule per kilogram (JKg -1)

Heat needed to change one phase to
another phase ;

Q = mL
If the heat is supplied by immersion
electric heater;

Q = Pt
Where P = power
t = time

Pt = mL

EXAMPLES
The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 000
J/kg. What is the quantity of heat required to
melt 1.5 kg of ice at 0oC.
Solution
Heat required, Q
= ml
=1.5 x 336 000
= 504 KJ

A 500 W electric heater is used to boil water.

What is the time required to reduce the mass of
water by 80 g after the water has reached its
boiling point?
( Specific latent heat of vaporization of water
= 2.26 x 106 J/Kg)
Solution
Use the energy equivalence method.
Electric energy = Heat energy
Pt = mL
t = mL / P
= 0.08 x 2.26 x 106/ 500
= 362 s

Example
Calculate the time taken for a 500 W
heater to melt 2 kg of ice at 0 C.

Think we are talking about change of

state without a change of temperature
therefore latent heat.

 What do I know?

Latent heat of fusion of ice l = 3.34x10 5 J/kg

P = 500 W
m = 2kg
t=?

Energy required to melt the ice = ?

Time taken to melt the ice = ?

What do I know?
Latent heat of fusion of ice l = 3.34x10 5 J/kg
P = 500 W
m = 2kg
t = ?

E h ml

E h 2x 3.34x 105
E h 6.68x 105 J
E
t
P
6.68x 105
t
500
t 1336s

Conservation of
energy tells us that
the energy required
to melt the ice must
be the electrical
energy provided by
the heater.

IB level calculation
Calculate the amount of heat required to completely
convert 50 g of ice at 0 C to steam at 100 C. The
specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 kJ/kg/C. The
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ/kg, and the
specific heat of vaporization of water is 2260 kJ/kg.

50
g
0C

50
g
100

An example calculation
Heat is taken up in three stages:
1. The melting of the ice.

0C
0C

2. The heating of the water.

100C

0C

3. The vaporization of the water.

100C

100C

Stage 1
1. Heat taken up for converting ice
at 0C to water at 0C
0C
0C

mass of water x latent heat of fusion

= 0.050 (kg) x 334 (kJ.kg-1)
= 16.7 kJ

Stage 2
2. Heat taken up heating the water

from 0 C to the boiling point, 100 C

0C

100C

mass of water x specific heat capacity x

temperature change
= 0.05 (kg) x 4.18 (kJ.kg-1.C-1)x 100 (C)
= 20.9 kJ

Stage 3
3. Heat taken up vaporising the
water
100C

100C

mass of water x latent heat of vaporization

0.05 (kg) x 2260 kJ.kg-1
= 113 kJ

The answer
The sum of these is
16.7 + 20.9 + 113
= 150.6 kJ (151 kJ)

LATENT HEAT
3 STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUIDS
GASES

LATENT HEAT IS ABSORBED

SOLID

LATENT HEAT OF
VAPORIZATION

CHANGE IN STATE

LATEN HEAT
OF FUSION

LIQUID

SYMBOL: L
SI UNIT
JOULE/KG

LATENT HEAT IS RELEASED

LATENT HEAT IS ABSORBED

LIQUID

GAS

LATENT HEAT IS RELEASED

Q=ML
Q=Pt

ML=Pt