Chrome

It is a chemical element
with atomic number 24
that is in group 6 of the
periodic table .

Its symbol is Cr

It is a metal that is used

especially in metallurgy

Fuentes de Exposicin
Mining

Metallurgy

Production
and
manufactur
e of
stainless
steel

Textile
industry

Toxicokinetics

Routes
of
absorpti
on

Respirat
ory

Digestiv
e

Dermal

Toxicokinetics
Penetrates
erythrocyte
s

It combines
with
hemoglobin

It is reduced
to trivalent
state

Elimination

Urine (main
track)
Dregs

Clinical Picture- Ingestion

Hemorragic gastroenteritis
Sickness
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Intestinal bleeding

Clinical picture - Acute effects

Liver failure
Renal failure
Cerebral edema
Death

Clinical picture - Airways

Nasal
irritation,
pharyngeal
and airway.

Congestion
in airways.

Burning

Cough

Pulmonary
edema

Intestinal
bleeding

Clinical picture- Dermal

Acute
dermatitis

Chronic effects
Ulcers
Chest pain
Asthma
Carcinogen (higher incidence of
lung cancer)

Diagnosis of poisoning
History of exposure

Complementary exams
Evidence of liver damage
Radiography
Pulmonary Function Testing

Prevention
Reduce
exposure

Use of
Personal
Protective
Equipment

Biomonitori
ng

Personal
hygiene

GOLD

chemical element symbol Au ,

atomic number 79 and atomic
weight 196.967 ; It is a very
dense , soft and bright yellow
metal. Gold is classified as
heavy and noble metal ; in
trade is the most common of
precious metals.

Industrial
sources of
Gold
Electronics
cell
televisions
Computers
construction windows
Aviation Aircraft cabin
Medicine Skin creams
and arthritis crowns

Domestic
sources of
Gold
Musical instruments, such as
flutes
Gastronomy There is an
alcoholic beverage made of
German origin herbal
containing bits of gold : the
liquor Goldwasser . It is not
the only dining option : gold
powder, flake , flakes or
sheets has become an
unusual ingredient in the
luxury kitchen .
jewelry : necklaces , bracelets
and rings, and , secondly , to
stores of value such as coins

GOLD
SALTS
Absorption:
rapidly
absorbed
after
intramuscular
administration, peaking blood concentration between 2 and 6
hours

Distribution: The tissue distribution depends not only on the

type of compound, but also the total dose administered and the
intervals between applications. Aurothioglucose is released more
slowly, but after 24 hours is equal kinetics. In an early phase of
treatment, the highest percentage of the drug is bound blood
level by 95% to albumin

Excretion of gold salts is 60 to 90% in the kidney and between

10 and 40% of fecal level.

ADVERSE
EFFECTS
Dermatological adverse effects: dermatitis associated with
pruritus, when they occur, they do elapsed between 2 months and
6 months of intramuscular treatment.
Other adverse reactions on the skin and mucous membranes
include: exfoliative dermatitis, glossitis, pharyngitis,
photosensitivity and chrysiasis (irreversible skin pigmentation), etc.
Hematologic side effects: eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia.
Adverse effects of renal type: proteinuria, which can be
complicated by hematuria and nephrosis.
Adverse effects of pulmonary type: dyspnea that causes
pulmonary fibrosis.
Adverse effects of hepatobiliary type: toxic hepatitis and
cholestatic jaundice.

Mucocutaneous
toxicity
It may have minor
mucocutaneous
reactions ,
particularly pruritic
erythematous
stomatitis outbreaks
in trunk and upper
limbs which disappear
with temporary dose
reduction and rarely
have recurrence once
the usual therapeutic
dose is restarted

Hematologic
Toxicity
Aplastic anemia is
the most feared
complication with
the use of gold
salts
Their presence is
rare, and
recommendation
regarding its early
detection is
performing regular
blood counts

Gastrointestinal
Toxicity
Enterocolitis is a rare
but serious
complication of
parenteral gold,
which occurs mainly
in young women after
a few days of
therapy . Symptoms
include bloody
diarrhea associated
with abdominal pain,
nausea , vomiting and
fever. It can be
associated with
cholestatic liver
disease

MANGANESE

NAME

MANGANESE

SYMBOL

Mn

ANATOMICAL
NUMBER

25

GROUP

SOURCES OF EXPOSURE
Fertilizers

Ceramics

Glass

Food : Tea, Cereal , potato

Industries : Welding ,
Bleachers , Rubber
Production

EXPOSED PERSONS
Workers in
factories
pesticide
and
gasoline

Plant
workers
Coal and
Oil

Steel mill
workers

TOXICOKINETICS
Exposition

Orally

Airway

Skin

Distribution

Penetrates
barriers and
deposited in :

Liver, Kidney,
Brain, Intestine,
Lung, Testicle

Elimination

Bile,
dregs,Sweat,
Tears,
Breastmilk

TOXICODYNAMICS
Mechanisms of Action
At the
level of
the
nervous
system

In the
lungs

At
cardiovas
cular
level

Blocking the synthesis of

neurotransmitters .

Clinical picture

Hepatotoxic
Related canalicular
cholestasis

Fever can occur Welder

occurs by release of
pyrogens by lung
macrophages being
injured by the particles
of metal compound

Blocks calcium entry

reaching produce
bradycardia and
hypotension

Poisoning

It produces
encephalopathy with
neuronal degeneration in
various nuclei of brain
and cerebellum. It
produces parkinsonism
and extrapyramidal
symptoms and is
associated with mental

DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT

Determination of
Manganese by Lee
Gastric lavage
High amounts of
vitamin C
Symptomatic Tx

HEALTH EFFECTS

Hallucinations
Forgetfulness
Nerve damage .
It can also cause parkinson
Lung embolism
Bronchitis
Fatten
Impaired glucose tolerance
Blood clots
Skin Problems Low cholesterol
levels Skeletal disorder
Birth Defects
Changes in hair color
Neurological symptoms

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
capable of causing tumor
development in animals .
Manganese can cause
symptoms of toxicity and
deficiency in plants. When
the pH of the soil is low
Manganese deficiencies
are more common .