GENRE

THE ENGLISH TEXT TYPE

genre
Memiliki:
Particular purposes
( communicative purposes )
Particular stages, distinctive : beginning,
middles, and ends ( generic srtucture )
Particular linguistic features

1. RECOUNT
Social function :
To retell events for the purposes of informing or
entertaining
Generic structure :
Orientation : provides the setting and introduces
participants
( giving information about what, who, where and
when)
event : to tell what happened in what sequence
RE Orientation : optional , closure of events

Language features of RECOUNT

Focus on spesific participant
( nouns and pronouns: we, David, the animal dll )
Material process
( Action verbs: go, sleep, run etc )
Past tense
Temporal sequence ( after, before , then )
Conjuction ( but , and, )
Circumstances of time and place
( adverb / adverb phrases showing time and place )
* Adjectives to modify nouns

2. NARRATIVE
SOCIAL FUNGTION

To amuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or vicarious

experience in different ways
( It deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis or
turning point of some kind which in turn finds a
resolution)
Generic sructure:
Orientation
:sets the scene, introduces participant
Evaluation
: a stepping back to evaluate the plight
Complication : a crisis arises
Resolution
: the crisis is resolved , for better or worse
Re orientation : optional

Language features of narrrative

Specific and individualized participant
( nouns or pronouns)
Material process
Behavioral process ( breathe, snore, dream)
Verbal process ( said, told, asked )
Mental process ( think, understand, like.)
Relational process
( time connectives and temporal conjungtion )
Temporal circumstance
Past tense

3. Procedure
Social function :
To describe how something is accomplished
through a sequence of actions or steps
Generic structure
Goal
Material (not required for all procedure teks)
Steps 1 n ( goal followed by a series of steps
oriented to achieving the goal )

Language features of procedure

Generalized human agents
Simple present often imperative
material process ( Action verbs )
Temporal conjunction or numbering to
indicate sequence
Adverbs to show the detail of time and
place e. g for five minutes, two centimetes
from the top

4. Description
Social function
To describe a particular person, place or thing
Generic structure
Identification , identify phenomenon to be
described
Description : describe or giving information
about specific participant eg : comes from, the
colour, the size, the favourite things etc

Language features of description

Specific participant ( nouns )
Simple present
Attributive and identifying Process
( relating verbs which informs about the subject)
Various adjectives like : describing, numbering,
classifying , two white fangs, two strong legs etc
Detailed noun phrase to inform about the subject

5. News items
Social function:
To inform readers , listeners or viewers about
events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important
Generic stucture :
Newsworthy event(s) : recount the events in
summary form
Background events : elaborate what happenend
to whom, in what circumstancec
Sources : comment by participants in, witnesses
to and aythorities expert on the events

Language features of news item

Short telegraphic information about story
captured in headline
Focus on person,animal, certain thing
Focus on circumstance
Material process ( action verbs )
Verbal process in sources stages
Past tense
Arranged in sequence of events

6 .REPORT
Social function :
to describe the way things are with reference to arrange
of natural , man made and social phenomena in our
environment
it is the result of systematic observation or analysis
it is general conclusion, general statement about
Generic structure:
General classification: tell what phenomena under
discussion is
Description : tells the phenomena is like in the terms of
*parts and their function
*Qualities
*Habits or behaviours

Language features of report

General nouns : reptiles in Comodo island
Relating verbs / relational process
( is , are, )
Action verbs ( birds fly, they eat)
Present tense
Technical terms ( water contain hydrogen and
oxygen ..)
Paragraph with topic sentence to arrange some
information

7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social function :
To persuade the reader or listener that something is the
case that there is a case to concern, to pay attention to )
Generic stucture:
Thesis
Position : introduces topic and indicates writers position
Preview :outlines the main arguments to be presented
Arguments
Points : restates main arguments outlined in preview
Elaboration : develops and supports each point / argument

Language features of analytical

exposition
General nouns : cars , pollution, handphone
Abstract nouns :policy, government
Technical terms :species of animal
Relating verbs
Action verbs
Thinking verbs
Modal verbs
Connectives
Evaluative words : important, valuable

8 HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function:
To persuade the reader that something should or should
not be the case
It exhort someone to take or to desist in some action
Generic structure:
Thesis : announcement of issue of concern
Arguments : reasons for concern, leading to
recommendation
Recommendation : statement of what ought not to happen

Language features of hortatory

exposition
Generic human and non human participant
Mental process : to state what the writers thinks or feels
about the issue
Material process to state what happens
Relational process to state what it should be
Simple present
Abstract nouns
Technical verbs
Passive form
Modal verbs
Evaluative words

9. SPOOF
Social function :
To retell an event with humorous twist
Generic structure:
Orientation : sets the scene
Events
: tell what happened
Twist
: provides the punchline

Language features of spoof

Focus on person, animal, certain thing
Action verb
Past tense
Circumstance of time and place
Material process

10.Explanation
Social function:
To give an account of how something works or reasons for some
phenomenon ( why is it so? How does it work?)
Two basic types :
Explaining how : mechanical explanation ( how does a pump work?)
Technological explanation ( how does a computer work? )
System explanation ( How does a company work? )
Natural explanation ( how are mountains formed? )
Explaining why :
Why does things float and other sink?
Why does iron go rusty?
Generic structure :
General statement
A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

Language features of explanation

General and abstract noun
Action verbs
Simple present tense
Passive form
conjunction of time
cause and effect relationships
Noun phrase
Abstract nouns
Adverbial phrases
Complex sentences
Technical terms

11. Discussion
Social function
To present ( at least ) two points of view about an issue
To look at an issue from a range of perspectives before
making judgement or recommendation
Generic structure :
Issue : statement and preview
Argument for and against or statements of different point
of view : point and elaboration
Conclusion or recommendations

Language features of discussion

Generic human and non human
participants
Material processes
Relational processes
Mental processes : feel , believe, think
Comparative : contrastive
Consequential conjunction
Reasoning expresses as verbs and nouns

12. Review
Social function :
To critique an art work or event for a public audience
( works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas,
recordings, exhibition, concert and ballets )
Generic structure :
Orientation : places the work in its general and particular context.
Often by comparing it with its kind or through analogue with a non
art object or events
Interpretative Recount : summaries the plot and / or provides an
account of how the work came into being
Evaluation : usually recursive
( evaluation 1,2,3, )
Evaluative summation

Language features of review

Focus on particular participant
Attitudinal lexis to show Direct expression of opinion,
including attitudinal epithets in nominal groups
Qualitative attributive and affective mental processes
Elaborating and extending clauses
Metaphorical language

The next???
Important terms to master
material process?
epithet?
circumstance???
etc
lets discuss together