11 OWO300090 WCDMA Call Drop Problem Analysis ISSUE1.00

WCDMA Call Drop
Problem Analysis
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Definition of Call Drop and Traffic Statistics
Indexes
2. DT/CQT Optimization Flow
3. Traffic Statistics Analysis Flow
4. Case Analysis

Page2
Definition of DT Call Drop
DT call drop occurs when the UE receives:
Any BCH message (system information)
The RRC Release message with the release cause Not

Normal.
Any of the CC Disconnect, CC Release Complete, CC

Release message with the release cause Not Normal
Clearing, Not Normal, or Unspecified

Page3
Descriptions of Traffic Statistics
The related index at UTRAN side is the number of

RAB for each service triggered by RNC.

Page4
Descriptions of Traffic
Statistics
Call drop rate in Statistc:

Page5
Contents
1. Definition of Call Drop and Traffic Statistics Indexes
4. Case Analysis

Page6
Contents
2.
DT/CQT Optimization Flow

2.1 Optimization Flow
2.2 Call Drop Cause Analysis

Page7

Page8
Contents
2.

2.1 Optimization Flow
2.2 Call Drop Cause Analysis

Page9
Call drop because of weak

coverage
Weak coverage usually refers to weak RSCP and weak EcNo.Uplink

or downlink DCH power helps to confirm the weak coverage is in
uplink or downlink by the following methods.
If the uplink transmit power reaches the maximum before call drop, the uplink
BLER is weak or NodeB report RL failure according to single subscriber tracing
recorded by RNC, the call drop is probably due to weak uplink coverage.
If the downlink transmit power reaches the maximum before call drop and the
downlink BLER is weak, the call drop is probably due to weak downlink coverage.
A simple and direct method for confirming coverage is to observe

the data collected by scanner. If the RSCP and Ec/Io of the best cell
is low, the call drop is due to weak coverage.

Page10
Call drop because of

interference
In downlink, when the active set CPICH RSCP is greater
than 85 dBm and the active set Ec/Io is smaller than

13 dB, the call drop is probably due to downlink
interference
Uplink interference increases the UE downlink transmit

power in connection mode, so the over high BLER
causes SRB reset, TRB reset, or call drop due to
asynchronization.

Page11
Call drop because of handover
During service procedure if handover can not be

executed in time, call drop will happen. This scenario
needs to be analyzed based on signaling trace result
and some other information.

Page12
Contents
4. Case Analysis

Page13
Traffic Statistics Analysis Flow
When analyzing traffic statistics indexes
check RNC call drop indexes
analyze the cell concern for detailed call drop indexes

Page14
Analyzing RNC CDR
The RNC CDR involves the number of RAB of each

service triggered by RNC, including two aspects:
After a service is established successfully, the RNC

sends CN the RAB RELEASE REQUEST message.
After a service is established successfully, the RNC

sends CN the IU RELEASE REQUEST message, and then
receives the IU RELEASE COMMAND message sent by
CN.

Page15
Analyzing Cell CDR
analyze CS call drop of various rates,
CS CDR = ( VS.RAB.Loss.CS.Abnorm.RNC + VS.RAB.Loss.CS.RF.RNC )
/( RAB.SuccEstabCSNoQueuing.Conv + RAB.SuccEstabCSQueuing.Conv
+ RAB.SuccEstabCSNoQueuing.Strm + RAB.SuccEstabCSQueuing.Strm
)
analyze PS call drop of various rates,
PS CDR=( VS.RAB.Loss.PS.Abnorm.RNC + VS.RAB.Loss.PS.RF.RNC )
/( RAB.SuccEstabPSNoQueuing.Conv + RAB.SuccEstabPSQueuing.Conv +
RAB.SuccEstabPSNoQueuing.Strm + RAB.SuccEstabPSQueuing.Strm
RAB.SuccEstabPSNoQueuing.Inter + RAB.SuccEstabPSQueuing.Inter
RAB.SuccEstabPSNoQueuing.Bkg + RAB.SuccEstabPSQueuing.Bkg )

Page16
Analyzing Causes to Call Drop

OM
interference
Failure cause
Analysis
OM interference
The O&M tasks cause call drop.
Causes due to RAB

preemption
This kind of call drop occurs when the load and

resources are limited.
Causes due to UTRAN
This corresponds to abnormal process, so you must

further analyze it based on CHR.
RLC reset
RF
Non RF
synchronization failure
because the coverage quality (including missing

neighbor cell and over mall handover area) is bad.
No response of UU
interface
The UE air interface fails to respond the command

transmitted by system, because the coverage is bad.
Other RF causes
It is due to RF causes and the coverage quality is bad.
Abnormal AAL2 link
The problem might be due to abnormal transport

equipment. Immediate normal release during RB
establishment is counted by statistics as abnormal
release as the cause.
Abnormal GTPU
The problem is due to equipment failure.
Other causes
need to analyze the abnormal call drop based on RNC

logs.

Page17
Check Cells
If the previous KPIs of the cell are normal, check the

alarms. By this, you can exclude the causes due to
abnormal cells.

Page18
Further DT for Relocating Problems
Analyzing traffic statistics indexes helps to expose

potential problems. To locate and analyze problems,
you need to use DT and CHR. For problematic cells,
the cell-oriented DT is performed to trace the
signaling flow at UE side and of RNC

Page19
Contents
4. Case Analysis

Page20
Case 1
Description
In DT call drop happened
Check the signaling trace at UE side

Page21
Case 1
Analysis
Check the cell information from UE active set and cell

information from scanner at call drop points
The signal
from
scrambling
code 170 is
very good
but it is not
in the active
set of the
UE.
Page22
Case 1
Analysis
Checking monitor set
Missing neighborcell
Delayed handover
Scrambling code 170 is not in

the monitor set of the UE. So it
is possible that scrambling code
170 is not configured as the
neighboring cell.

Page23
Case 1
Analysis
Check the neighboring

cell list in measurement
control message before
call drop.
Check the latest measurement control

Page24
Case 1
Scrambling code
170 is not in the
neighboring cell
list of scrambling
code 6.
Page25
Case 1
Solution
Add neighbor cells in neighbor cell list
Summary
In the beginning stage of network, it is very common

that missing neighbor cell cased cause call drop
Analysis with signaling procedure is the common way

to find and solve the problem

Page26
Case 2
Description
In DT call drop happened at a corner.
Call drop
happened
here.
Page27
Case 2
Description
Before turning corner, the Ec/Io of active set scrambling

code 104 and 168 attenuate to smaller than 17 dB, but
Ec/Io of scrambling code 208 is strong (8 dB) which is out
of active set. According to the signaling traced by the
RNC, the UE reports the 1A event of the cell of scrambling
code 208, then RNC sends the active set update
message. But the RNC does not receive the active set
update complete message, so the call drop occurs.

Page28
Case 2
Signaling trace result in RNC
RNC receives
1A (SC
208)report.
RNC sends
active set
update but
doesnt receive
active set
update
complete.
Page29
Case 2
Analysis
The signals of original cell attenuates sharply, and the

signals of target cell increases sharply, so the UE
cannot receive the active set update messages, and
consequently call drop occurs.

Page30
Case 2
Analysis
The signals of original cell attenuate 10 dB sharply within 1s, and

the signals of target cell increase 10 dB. If the signals are weak
before attenuation, and 1a event is configured to easily-triggered
state, the measurement report is sent according to traced
signaling of the UE, and the RNC receives the measurement report
according to signaling traced by the RNC.
When the RNC sends the active set update message, the UE
cannot receive it due to weak signals of original cell, so the
signaling is reset, and call drop occurs. If 1A event is slowly
triggered (such as configuring great hysteresis or triggering time),
TRB reset occurs before the UE sends the measurement report.

Page31
Case 2
Solution 1
Configure 1A event parameter of a cell to enable

handover to be triggered more easily.
If you lower the triggering time to 200ms, you can
reduce hysteresis. You must configure the triggering
time for a specified cell, because the change of the
parameter might lead to easily occurrence of handover
between the cell and other cells without turning corner
effect, or frequent ping-pong handover

Page32
Case 2
Solution 2
Configure the CIO between two cells with turning

corner effect to add the target cell more easily. The CIO
only affects the handover between two cells, with less
impact, however, it impacts handover. The
configuration leads to an increase of handover ratio.

Page33
Case 2
Solution 3
Adjust antenna to enable the antenna of target cell

cover the turning corner. This helps avoid fast variance
of signals, and avoid call drop. Actually experiences
help judge whether the adjustment of engineering
parameters can cover the turning corner, so using this
method is difficult.

Page34
Case 2
Summary
Based on previous analysis, the first method prevails. If

it fails, use the second method. If the second method
fails, use the third method (the third method is the best
solution, especially in areas where you can adjust
antenna easily)

Page35
Case 3
Signaling trace result in RNC side
RNC triggers
IU RELEASE
REQUEST. It is
abnormal.
Page36
Case 3
Signaling trace result in UE side

Page37
Case 3
Check information recorded by UE
RSCP and
Ec/Io are
good.
But the UE
Tx power is
very high.
It is
possible
that uplink
interferenc
e is high,
so UE Tx
power is
high
because of
power
control.
Page38
Case 3
Check the RTWP of the serving cell
The RTWP is around -80dBm. It is too high.
So the reason of call drop in this case is serious uplink interference in the
cell.

Page39
Thank you
www.huawei.com

11 OWO300090 WCDMA Call Drop Problem Analysis ISSUE1.00

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WCDMA Call Drop

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Definition of DT Call Drop

DT call drop occurs when the UE receives:

Any BCH message (system information)

The RRC Release message with the release cause Not

Any of the CC Disconnect, CC Release Complete, CC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Descriptions of Traffic Statistics

The related index at UTRAN side is the number of

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DT/CQT Optimization Flow

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DT/CQT Optimization Flow

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DT/CQT Optimization Flow

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Call drop because of weak

Weak coverage usually refers to weak RSCP and weak EcNo.Uplink

A simple and direct method for confirming coverage is to observe

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Call drop because of

than 85 dBm and the active set Ec/Io is smaller than

Uplink interference increases the UE downlink transmit

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Call drop because of handover

During service procedure if handover can not be

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic Statistics Analysis Flow

When analyzing traffic statistics indexes

check RNC call drop indexes

analyze the cell concern for detailed call drop indexes

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analyzing RNC CDR

The RNC CDR involves the number of RAB of each

After a service is established successfully, the RNC

After a service is established successfully, the RNC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analyzing Cell CDR

analyze CS call drop of various rates,

CS CDR = ( VS.RAB.Loss.CS.Abnorm.RNC + VS.RAB.Loss.CS.RF.RNC )

analyze PS call drop of various rates,

PS CDR=( VS.RAB.Loss.PS.Abnorm.RNC + VS.RAB.Loss.PS.RF.RNC )

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analyzing Causes to Call Drop

The O&M tasks cause call drop.

Causes due to RAB

This kind of call drop occurs when the load and

Causes due to UTRAN

This corresponds to abnormal process, so you must

because the coverage quality (including missing

The UE air interface fails to respond the command

It is due to RF causes and the coverage quality is bad.

Abnormal AAL2 link

The problem might be due to abnormal transport

The problem is due to equipment failure.

need to analyze the abnormal call drop based on RNC

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

If the previous KPIs of the cell are normal, check the

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.