Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Rishiraj Sarker
Under the guidance of
Prof. (Dr.) Susanta Kr. Bhattacharya
Master of Technology (Power System)
Roll No. 10913413010,
Netaji Subhash Engineering College
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Organization
What is a Substation?
Advantages of 765 kV
Substation?
Basic System
Parameters
Typical Components
Protection Schemes
Substation:
Transformer Substation
Advantages?
A single-circuit 765 kV line can carry as much power as three
single-circuit 500 kV lines or 3 double circuit 345 kV lines,
reducing the required rights of way (ROW).
With six conductors per phase, 765 kV lines are virtually free from
thermal overload risk.
Typical 765 kV lines have a tower height of approximately 130140 feet. This is 30-40 feet shorter than a typical double circuit 400
kV tower.
Greater transmission efficiency can be attributed to its higher
operating voltage, and larger thermal capacity compared to lower
voltages.
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Basic System
Rated voltage (kV)
Parameters
800
765
50
Effectively earthed
2000
Typical Components of a
Substation (Switchyard
section)
Bus-Bar Arrangement
A Breaker-and-a-half Bus-bar
arrangement scheme has been
implemented for the design of a 765 kV
switchyard. The key advantages of using
this arrangement:
Flexible operation and high reliability.
Isolation of either bus without service
disruption.
Double feed to each circuit.
Bus fault does not interrupt service to
any circuits.
Transformer Overview
Three winding
Transformer
(HV/IV/LV MVA)
630/630/210
Voltage Ratio
Cooling
765/400/33
ONAN-OFAF or
ONAN/ODAF
Connections
2000-1000500/1
2000-1000/1
PS
0.2
PS
15 VA
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Transformer Overview
Capacitive Voltage
Transformer
Equipment
Protection
Transformation Ratio
Accuracy Class
Rated Burden
Metering
765/3 kV/110/3 V
3P
0.2
50 VA
50 VA
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Isolators
An isolator accomplishes the
operation of disconnection. It
is desired to operate under no
load condition and must be
capable of carrying fault
current.
Vertical Break
3 Poles
Pantograph
Electrical/ Manually operated
isolator is used.
Disconnect Switch
( moving contact rod (A) &
contacts with flexible fingers
(B) )
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Circuit Breakers
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Circuit
Breaker advantages:
Reduced maintenance
Circuit breaker contacts can be
operated at higher temperature
High insulating property of the
gas
Interrupts capacitive currents
without re-striking
Contact erosion is very slight
as arcing time is short
Disconnect Switch
( moving contact rod (A) &
contacts with flexible fingers
(B) )
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Protective Relays
A protective relay is a device which senses
the abnormal condition in power system and
gives command to trip coil of the circuit
breakers to disconnect the faulty section from
the healthy system. The relay circuit
connections can be divided into three parts:
Primary winding of a current transformer
(C.T.) which is connected in series with the
line to be protected.
Second part consists of secondary winding
of C.T. and the relay operating coil.
Third part is the tripping circuit which may
be either a.c. or d.c.
13
Surge Arrester
Devices used to provide the necessary path to
ground for such surges, yet prevent any power
current from following the surge. An ideal arrester
must therefore have the following properties:
Ability to remove the surge energy from the line
in a minimum time.
Breakdown voltage must be more than normal or
abnormal fundamental voltage.
It must be capable of carrying the resulting
discharge current without damaging itself.
Gapless (Metal Oxide) Surge Arrester is used in 765
kV Substation.
14
Shunt Reactors
Rating (single phase) MVAR
Winding connection
Star
Neutral earthing
Type of cooling
ONAN
33
Number of phases
Winding connection
Substation
16
Protection Schemes
Line Protection:
1) Main I - Carrier aided distance protection.
2) Main II Carrier aided protection based on directional comparison
using phase comparison principles.
3) Directional Earth fault Scheme Two sets of directional earth
fault relays, one for each main protection to cover high resistance
faults.
4) Over-voltage Protection The relay have two stages and shall be
able to monitor phase to neutral voltage for all the three phases.
17
Protection Schemes
Auto Transformer Protection:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
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Protection Schemes
Shunt Reactor Protection:
1) Differential protection (Percentage Biased)
2) Restricted Earth fault Protection
3) Back-up Protection
Bus-Bar Protection:
1) High Speed differential Protection
2) Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
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20
Design Challenges
The above mentioned problems are found while designing the 765/400
kV substation in Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, India. The problems
are mitigated by useful solutions taken by the professionals.
21
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Bibliography
Acknowledgements
I take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude towards my
guide Prof. (Dr.) Susanta Kr. Bhattacharya, for providing excellent
guidance, encouragement and inspiration throughout the project work.
Without his invaluable guidance, this work would never have been a
successful one.
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THANK YOU
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