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Secondary 3
Chapter 1: Impact of
World War I
I
r
a
W
World
In a Nutshell
19141918
1) Allied Powers
(Leading member: Britain)
2) Central Powers
(Leading member: Germany)
Who won?
Soldiers: 8 million
Civilians or people who were not
soldiers: 6 million
Allied Powers
Britain
France
Serbia
Russia
Italy (joined after May 1915)
Central Powers
vs
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Turkey
5
Alliances
among the
great
powers
Powerful
countries
Competition
for colonies
What was
the world
like before
World War I?
Arms and
naval race
Strong
feelings of
nationalism
Assassinatio
n of Archduke
of AustriaHungary
Powerful countries
Britain
France
Russia
Powerful countries
AustriaHungary
Germany
Ottoman
Turkey
Britain:
Britain:
Largest
Largestcolonial
colonial
empire
in
empire inthe
theworld.
world.
Most
Mostpowerful
powerfulnavy.
navy.
Germany:
Germany:
Rapid
Rapidgrowth
growthinineconomy
economyand
and
power
after
1871
power after 1871
reunification.
reunification.
Best-trained
Best-trainedand
andequipped
equipped
army
in
Europe.
army in Europe.
Huge
Hugeterritorial
territorialambition.
ambition.
Russia:
Russia:
Largest
Largestempire
empireininEurope.
Europe.
Largest
Largestarmy.
army.
Less
Lessadvanced
advanced
industrialisation.
industrialisation.
France:
France:
Resource-rich
Resource-richAlsaceAlsaceLorraine
was
annexed
Lorraine was annexed
by
byGermany
Germanyininthe
the
1871
Franco-Prussian
1871 Franco-Prussian
War.
War.
Looked
Lookedfor
forways
ways
totorecover
it.
recover it.
The
TheOttoman
OttomanEmpire
Empire
(Ottoman
Turkey):
(Ottoman Turkey):
Empire
Empirestretched
stretchedfrom
fromEurope
Europe
totothe
Middle
East
and
Asia.
the Middle East and Asia.
Austria-Hungary:
Austria-Hungary:
Large,
Large,unstable
unstableand
anddivided
divided
empire.
empire.
Different
Differentethnic
ethnicgroups
groupsoften
often
attempted
to
break
away
attempted to break awaytoto
form
formtheir
theirown
ownnation-states.
nation-states.
Central
Centralgovernment
governmenttoo
tooweak
weak
totocontrol
all
parts
of
its
control all parts of its
empire.
empire.
Back
Back
1
0
Britain and
France already
in control of
most of Africa
and Asia.
Competition for
colonies.
1
1
Britain
1
2
France
1
3
1
4
Back
Austria-Hungary,
Germany and Italy allied
to form the Central
Powers.
1907
(Triple Entente Agreement)
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
Back
Strong feelings of
nationalism
1
9
2
0
Serbian nationalism to
the south of AustriaHungarys border created
a threat for AustriaHungary.
2
1
Assassination of Archduke of
Austria-Hungary
28 June 1914
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, heir apparent to the throne of
Austria-Hungary, was shot in Bosnia.
Killer was member of Black Hand, a
secret society based in Serbia.
The perfect excuse for Austria-Hungary to
remove Serbian threat once and for all .
accused Serbia of planning the murder.
Back
2
2
28 June 1914:
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand was
shot in Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
23 July 1914:
3 August 1914:
As Belgium was
under British
protection,
Britain sent
ultimatum to
Germany to
withdraw from
Belgium.
3 August 1914:
Germany declared
war on France.
Schlieffen Plan set
in motion, Germans
entered neutral
Belgium.
26 July 1914:
Russia joined
the fray by
supporting
Serbia.
Germany offered to
back Austria-Hungary
against Serbia.
Austria-Hungary
demanded that Serbia
hand over leaders of
the Black Hand by 25
July.
1 August 1914:
Germany
declared war on
Russia; France
mobilised its
troops to support
Russia.
2
3
28 July 1914:
Leaders of Black
Hand not handed
over. Austria-Hungary
declared war on
Serbia.
31 July 1914:
Russia mobilised its
army in support of
Serbia. Germany
feared an imminent
Russian invasion.
2
4
2
5
Critical Thinking
Powerful countries?
Competition for
colonies?
What really
caused World
War I?
Strong feelings of
nationalism?
Assassination of
Archduke of
Austria-Hungary?
2
6
2
7
2
8
Little land
gained but
heavy
casualties.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World
2
9
The Germans intended lightning attack of France did not succeed. Instead their advances were
slowed drastically by stiff Allied resistance.
Long lines of trenches dug from Belgium to the Swiss border ensured both sides got stuck in a
fruitless yet bloody trench warfare
a stalemate.
3
0
May 1915:
Italy joined the war
on the side of the
Allied Powers. In
return, Italy was
promised territory
which it hoped to
gain from AustriaHungary.
April 1917:
The USA declared
war against
Germany due to
outrage over loss of
innocent American
lives when German
submarines sank
the Lusitania.
March 1918:
Russia signed the
Treaty of BrestLitovsk with
Germany and exited
the war because it
had suffered very
heavy casualties on
the Eastern front.
Ceded land and
resources to
Germany. End of war
on the Eastern front.
3
1
July 1918:
Germany could not
sustain its offensive
on the Western front
as its resources
were depleted due
to the two-front war
between 1914 and
1918.
June 1918:
Large numbers of
fresh USA troops
started arriving on
the war front.
August 1918:
Allied forces counterattacked.
October 1918:
The Germans were
forced to retreat.
Turkey and AustriaHungary pulled out
of the war, leaving
Germany as the lone
Central Power in the
war. Germany was
fighting a losing
battle.
3
2
3
3
3
4
Millions of
dead,
wounded or
homeless
people
Four
empires
broke up
Selfdetermination
became
popular
Changes to
society
What was
the world
like after
World War I?
New nationstates were
set up
World
economy
damaged
New
boundaries
created
problems
trauma.
Crisis and Conflict: Impact of World
post-war
3
5
3
6
spread of disease.
Many more killed due to diseases.
Back
3
7
3
8
3
9
Self-determination became
popular
Self-determination and self-government
Hungary
Self-determination
Self-determination
Austro-Hungarian
Empire
Back
Back
Lithuania
Latvia
Yugoslavia
Estonia
Poland
Nationalism
Hungary
4
0
4
1
4
2
Changes to society
Divisions
4
3
Changes to society
Disillusionment
Communism emerged.
4
4
Changes to society
Changes
4
5
4
6
Changes to society
Changes
4
7
Millions of
dead,
wounded or
homeless
people
Four
empires
broke up
Selfdetermination
became
popular
Changes to
society
What was
the world
like after
World War I?
New nationstates were
set up
World
economy
damaged
New
boundaries
created
problems
4
8
Destroyed infrastructure:
A lengthy restoration was
required and the economy
was damaged.
4
9
5
0
Changes to position of
women in society:
They expected equal
rights, equal
opportunities.
5
1
Unemployment:
Many jobs were
displaced by the war.
5
2
Summary
World War I
Major
countries
involved
Central
Powers
Allied
Powers
Impact
Causes
Political
Powerful countries.
Competition for colonies.
Arms and naval race.
Alliance system.
Strong nationalism.
Assassination of Archduke of
Austria-Hungary.
Economic
Social
5
3
Summary
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Turkey
Britain
France
Serbia
Russia (until 1917)
Italy (from May 1915)
USA (fought as an
Associated Power from
1917)
Major
countries
involved
Central
Powers
Allied
Powers
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5
4
Summary
Old empires broke up.
Creation of new nations and
nation-states.
Ethnic tension due to new
borders.
Self-determination by
countries formerly ruled by
empires.
Impact
Political
Farmland and industrial areas
destroyed no more production.
Infrastructure destroyed.
World trade disrupted.
Massive unemployment.
Countries saddled with huge debts.
Economic
Social
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summary