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1 term
(x + y)1 = x + y
2 terms
(x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
3 terms
4 terms
5 terms
6 terms
(x + y)5 = x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy4 + y5
(x + y)4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
n
r
10
1 1
1st row
1 2 1
2nd row
1 3 3 1
3rd row
1 4 6 4 1
4th row
1 5 10 10 5 1
5th row
1+2=3
6 + 4 = 10
Each number in the interior of the triangle is the sum of the two
numbers immediately above it.
The numbers in the nth row of Pascals Triangle are the binomial
coefficients for (x + y)n .
Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights
5th row
6th row
10
10
15
20
15
6
0
6
1
6
2
6
3
6
4
6
5
6
6
C0
C1
C2
6
=6=
1
C3
C4
C5
C6
6
and 6C4 = 15 = 6C2.
5
0th row
1 1
1st row
1 2 1
2nd row
1 3 3 1
3rd row
1 4 6 4 1
4th row
Cr
(n r )!r !
7!
7!
7
Example: 7 C3
(7 3)! 3! 4! 3! 4! 3!
(7 6 5 4) (3 2 1) 7 6 5 4
35
(4 3 2 1) (3 2 1)
4 3 2 1
Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights
48
10!
10!
(10 9 8 7 6) 5! 10 9 8 7 6
252
10 C5
(10 5)! 5! 5! 5!
5! 5!
5 4 3 2 1
10 C0
10!
10!
1! 1
1
(10 0)! 0! 10! 0! 0! 1
50!
(50 49) 48! 50 49
50
50!
1225
2! 48!
2 1
48 (50 48)! 48! 2! 48!
12
12! 12 11! 12
12!
12
1
1 (12 1)! 1! 1! 1! 11! 1!
Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights
Binomial Theorem
( x y ) n x n nx n 1 y L nCr x n r y r L nxy n 1 y n
n!
with nCr
(n r )! r !
10
11
12!
12!
12!
12 12
11 11
(2 a )
(2 a )b
(210 a10 )b 2 ...
(12 0)! 0!
(12 1)! 1!
(12 2)! 2!
12
13 C7
6! 7!
6! 7!
13 12 11 10 9 8
1716
6 5 4 3 21
13