Lesson 1 :

CONIC SECTIONS

OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the lesson, the students
should be able to apply the basic concepts
and properties of the conic sections in solving
application problems.

Conic Sections or Conics

Conic Section or a Conic (Non-

Degenerate Conic)
is the intersection of a plane and a double-napped
cone.
Notice in the figure below that in the
formation of the four basic conics, the intersecting
plane doe not pass through the vertex of the cone.

Conic Section or a Conic (NonDegenerate Conic)

The path of a point which moves so

that its distance from a fixed point is in
constant ratio to its distance from a
fixed line.
Focus is the fixed point
Directrix is the fixed line
Eccentricity ( e ) is the constant ratio
given by

Depending on the value of the eccentricity e, the

conic sections are defined as follows:
If e = 1, the conic section is a parabola
If e < 1, the conic section is an ellipse
If e > 1, the conic section is a hyperbola

Degenerate Conic
When the plane does pass through the
vertex, the resulting figure is a
degenerate conic as shown below.

Degenerate Conics

Lesson 2

The Circles

Definition of a Circle
The set of all points (x, y) in a plane that
are equidistant from a fixed point (h, k).
Parts of a Circle
1. Center (C) fixed point
2. Radius (r) distance between the center and any point (x, y) on the circle.
3. Circumference the perimeter of the circle.

Lines associated with circles

Chord - A chord is a straight line joining two
points on the circumference. The longest chord
in a circle is called a diameter. The diameter
passes through the center.
Segment - A segment of a circle is the region
enclosed by a chord and an arc of the circle.
Secant - A secant is a straight line cutting the
circle at two distinct points.
Tangent - If a straight line and a circle have
only one point of contact, then that line is
called a tangent. A tangent is always
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point
of contact.

STANDARD FORM OF
y
EQUATION
OF A CIRCLE
P(x,y)
r

C(h,k)

y
k
o

h
x

To Derive the Standard Equation of a

Circle
Recall:Distance Between Two Points (Distance
2
2
Formula)
distan ce d x2 x1 y2 y1

Let:
C (h, k) - coordinates of the center of the
circle
r - radius of the circle
P (x, y) - coordinates of any point on the
circle
Distance CP = radius ( r )

or

r2 = (x h)2 + (y k)2

the center-radius form or the Standard Form of

the equation of the circle.

The general form of the equation of the circle is

obtained from the center-radius form (x h)2 +
(y k)2 = r2 by expanding the squares as follows:
(x2 2hx + h2) + (y2 2ky + k2) =
r2
2
2
x2 + y2 2hx 2ky
+ kEy
- Fr2=0 0
x2 +y2h Dx
Comparing this form with
It can be shown that
-2h = D
-2k = E
2
2
h2 + k2E- r2 = F r D E 4F
D
h
k
2
2
2,
Thus,
and

Kinds of Circles
a. Pure Circle - If the radius is greater
b. than
Point0.Circle - If the radius is equal to
0.
c. Imaginary Circle - If the radius is
less than 0.

Standard Form of the

Equation of a Circle

Where: The point (h, k) is the center of the circle
r (a positive number) is the radius of the circle

If the center is the origin, , the standard form of the equation of a circle is

The second degree equation , for some constants C, D, and E, is

the general equation of a circle.

Example 1. Finding the

Standard Equation of a
Circle
a. The point (1, 4) is on a circle whose

center is at
(-2, -3). Write the standard form of the
equation of the circle.
The point (3, 1) is on a circle whose center is at (1,
Write the standard form of the equation of the circle.

Example 2. Writing the

Equation of a Circle in
Standard Form

Write the equation of the circle in

standard form. Then identify its center
and
radius.
a.
b.
c.

Example 3. Sketching a
Circle
a. Sketch the circle given by and identify its

center and radius.

b. Sketch the circle given by and identify its
center and radius.

Example 4. Finding the

Intercepts of a Circle
Definition of Intercepts point/s
where the circle crosses the x and
y axes.
the
To find
any x-intercepts, let y = 0.
To find any y-intercepts, let x = 0.
a. Find the x and y intercepts of the graph of the circle
b. Find the x and y intercepts of the graph of the circle

Example 5. Finding the

Standard Equation of a
Circle with the given
characteristics
Find the standard form of the equation
of the circle with the given
a. Center at the origin; radius: 4
characteristics.
b. Center: (3, 7); point on the circle (1,
0)
c. Endpoints of a diameter: (-6, 0) and
(0, passing
-2)
d.
through the intersection of
2x-3y+6=0 and x+3y-6=0 with center
at passes
(3,-1). through the points (1, -2), (5,
e.
4) and (10, 5).

HOMEWORK 1
Answer the following on pp. 7-8
#s 1-5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 21,
24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37