PIPING

These are the life of any process industry as

the fluids are transported thru pipes only
Its a tubular product & can be termed as
PIPE or TUBE
Tube is identified by OD & wall thk. and is
mainly used in HE, inst. lines & small
interconnections
The size of a pipe is identified by its nominal
bore & with wall thickness defined by
schedule number,API designation or weight.

SELECTION OF PIPES

Pressure
Temperature
Fluid to be handled

Types of Pipes

ERW Pipes
Seamless pipes
Centrifugally cast tubes

STANDARDS OF
PIPING
MATERIAL
C.S.PIPE

C.S.PIPE

U.S.SPECIFICATIONS

BRITISH

GERMAN

API 5L

Seamless
Gr.A&B

BS 3601 HFS
22&27

DIN 1629
St.35&45

ERW Gr. A&B

BS 3601 ERW
22&27

DIN 1625
St.34.2& 37.2

Seamless
Gr.A&B

BS 3601 HFS
22&27

DIN 1629
St.35&45

ERW Gr. A&B

BS 3601 ERW
22&27

DIN 1625
St.34.2& 37.2

ASTM A53

CSBoilertube
seamless

ASTM A 83

BS 3059

DIN 1629 St.35

KilledSteel

ASTM A 106
Gr.A, B, C

BS 3602

DIN
St.35.8&45.8

LTPiping

ASTM A333

BS 3603

SEW 680TT
St.41

Gr. 1&3

STANDARDSFORPIPING

MATERIAL
A.S.PIPEFor
hightemp.

AusteniticS.S.
PIPE

U.S.SPECIFICATIONS

BRITISH

GERMAN

ASTM A 335

P1,2,12,11,22,5,9

BS 3604

DIN 17175

ASTM A 312

TP 304,316,321,347

BS 3605

X5 Cr Ni18 9

DIA. &THK. OF PIPE

The size of pipe is identified as Nominal

Bore (NB)
The true ID of pipe is seldom equal to NB
14 inch pipes & larger pipes have OD
equal to NB
Pipes of different sizes are made in
several wall thickness & have been
established by ANSI & ASTM

LT pipes

CS pipes
Killed steel
2.25% Ni steel
3.5% Ni steel
9%Ni steel
Stainless steel
Al & Cu

-29c
-45c
-60c
-100c
-190c
-267c
-270c

HT pipes

CS Pipes
C-0.5 Mo
1Cr-0.5Mo
2.25Cr-1Mo
5Cr-0.5Mo
T 91
304,347H
SS 310
21%Cr steel
29% Cr steel

425c
450c
540c
580c
630c
650c
700c
800c
900c
1125c

PIPE FITTINGS

Elbows

: 90 degree long & short radius

: 45 degree long & short radius
Reducers : concentric &eccentric
Swages : concentric &eccentric
Tee
: Equal & Unequal
Coupling : Half & Full
Weldolet
Lateral
Cap

Pipe Fittings Contd.

Pipe fittings are socket welded &

butt welded
Socket welded fittings are used up
to 50NB
Fittings are available in 3000 &
6000 psi ratings.

ELBOWS

TEE

REDUCER

PIPE JOINTS

Flanged joints
Bolted Quick couplings
Welded joints: Socket & Butt
Welded
Screwed joints

Flanged Joints

A flange allows two pipes to be mechanically

connected together, or a pipe to be mechanically
connected to a valve, tee, choke or other piece of
equipment.
The principle of a flange is to use a mechanical
force (exerted by the bolts) to pre-load the
gasket sufficiently so that when internal pressure
(end cap force) is applied, there is enough
contact stress between the flanges and gasket to
maintain a seal.
The flange itself needs to be connected to the
pipe. This is usually achieved by welding.

Type of flanged joints

Flat faced flanges

Raised faced flanges
Tongue & groove flanges
Lap joint flanges
Ring joint flanges : oval, octagonal
Lens gasket flanges
Delta gasket flanges
Lip sealed flanges

FLANGE TIGHTENING

Flanged joints

Confined Joint
Unconfined Joint
Partially confined Joint
Self energizing joint

VALVES

Valves used in industry serve

multiple roles:
stopping or starting flow
Varying the rate of flow
Permitting flow in one direction only
Switching flow along different routes
Discharging fluid from a system

GATE VALVES

Non- Rising Stem

Gate Valves
These Valves are
either fully open
or fully closed
types

GLOBE VALVE

These valves are

used for
regulating flow.

BALL VALVE

BUTTERFLY VALVE

CHECK VALVE

GASKETS

Used to seal between two surfaces.

Choice of gasket is decided by :
Temp., Pr.,or corrosiveness of fluid
Whether maint. Requires repeated
opening
Code requirement
cost

TYPE OF GASKETS

Plain gaskets : Rubber,Teflon, CAF

SW Gaskets
Jacketed Gaskets
Ring Gaskets : Oval, Octagonal
Lens Gaskets
Copper ,Aluminium Gaskets
Serrated Gaskets

Spiral wound gaskets

Ring gasket

Serrated gasket