Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
E ABUSE
Kim Faye Quimson
Shannon Boyle
Frandelle Dagalea
Glen Garcia
Rica May Maniri
Fatima Hyghia Himpon
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
dependence
2. Substance-induced disorders such as:
Intoxication
Withdrawal
Delirium
Dementia
Psychosis
Mood disorder
Anxiety sexual dysfunction
Sleep disorder
Intoxication
use of a substance that results in
maladaptive behavior.
Withdrawal Syndrome
refers to the negative psychological and
physical reactions that occur when use
of a substance ceases or dramatically
decreases.
Detoxification
the process of safely withdrawing from
a substance.
ALCOHOLISM
The early course of alcoholism typically
intoxicated
Evidence of alcohol withdrawal
Early alcohol-related health problems
Significant interference with functioning at work
or school.
Blackout
an episode during which the person continues
to function but has no conscious awareness of
his or her behavior at the time nor any later
memory of the behavior
Tolerance
the person needs more alcohol to produce the
same effect
Tolerance Break
very small amounts of alcohol will intoxicate
the person
Spontaneous Remission/Natural Recovery
Alcohol problem can modify or quit drinking
on their own without a treatment program
RELATED DISORDERS
Substance-induced disorders such
as anxiety, mood disorders, and
dementia are present. Delirium may
be seen in severe alcohol withdrawal.
ETIOLOGY
The exact causes of drug use, dependence, and
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
Children of alcoholics are four times as likely to
develop alcoholism.
Inconsistency in the parent's behavior, poor
role modeling, and lack of nurturing pave the
way for the child to adopt a similar style of
maladaptive coping, stormy relationships, and
substance abuse.
ALCOHOL
Intoxication and Overdose
Alcohol is a CNS depressant that is absorbed rapidly
Relaxation
Loss of inhibition
Intoxication Symptoms
Slurred speech
Unsteady gait
Lack of coordination
Impaired attention
Concentration
Memory
Judgment
benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Tapering, or administering decreasing doses of a
STIMULANTS
(AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, OTHER)
Amphetamines are drugs that stimulate
or excite the CNS; used by people who
wanted to lose-weight or to stay awake.
Cocaine highly addictive and a popular
recreational drugs because of the intense
and immediate feeling of euphoria it
produces.
Methamphetamine it is particularly
dangerous. It is highly addictive and
causes psychotic behavior.
Physiologic Effects
Elevated Blood Pressure
Tachycardia
Dilated pupils
Perspiration/ chills
Nausea
Chest pain
Confusion
Cardiac Dysrrhythmias
Overdose can result seizures and/or coma
Deaths are rare
Treatment
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
control hallucination, lower
relieves nausea.
antipsychotic,
Blood Pressure,
CANNABIS (MARIJUANA)
Cannabis Sativa is the hemp plant that is
widely cultivated for its fiber used
to make rope and cloth and for oil
for its seeds
Marijuana refers to the upper leaves, flowering
tops and stems of the plant
Two Cannabinoids used to treat
N/V from cancer chemotheraphy:
1. Dronabinol (Marinol)
2. Nabilone ( Cesamet)
Physiologic Effects
Increased appetite
Conjunctival injection (Bloodshot Eyes)
Dry mouth
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Withdrawal and Detoxification
Withdrawal Symptoms
Muscle ache
Sweating
Anxiety
Tremors
OPIOIDS
Popular drugs of abuse because they desensitize the user
feeling;
symptoms includes:
Apathy
Lethargy
List lessens
Impaired judgment
Psychomotor retardation/ agitation
Constricted pupils
Drowsiness
Slurred speech
Impaired attention and memory
Longer-acting
substances
such
as
methadone may not produce significant
withdrawal symptoms for 2-4days and the
symptoms may take 2weeks to subside
HALLUCINOGENS
INTOXICATION
Marked by several maladaptive behavioral
Psychological Changes:
Anxiety
Depression
Paranoid ideation
Ideas of reference
Fear losing ones mind
Physiologic symptoms
Sweating
Tachycardia
Palpation
Blurred vision
Tremors
Lack of coordination
INHALANTS
Are
It can cause:
Brain damage
Peripheral nervous system damage
Liver disease
Behavioral symptoms:
Belligerence
Aggression
Apathy
Impaired judgment
Inability to function
Acute toxicity causes:
Anoxia
Respiratory depression
Vagal stimulation
Dysrrhythmias
Pharmacologic Treatment
Have two main purposes:
o To
permit
safe
withdrawal
from
alcohol,
sedative/hypnotics, and benzodiazepines
o To prevent relapse.
For clients whose primary substance is alcohol,
vitamin B1 (thiamine) often is prescribed to prevent
or treat Wernickes syndrome and Korsakoffs
syndrome, which are neurologic conditions that can
result from heavy alcohol use.
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) and folic acid
often are prescribed for clients with nutritional
deficiencies.
Alcohol withdrawal usually is managed with a
benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, which is used to
suppress the symptoms of abstinence. The most
common used benzodiazepines are lorazepam,
chlordiazepoxide, and diazepam.
Dual Diagnosis
Client with both substance abuse and another psychiatric illness is
Limited insight
willpower
Any alcohol whether beer, wine, or liquor, can be
an abused substance
Prescribed medication can be an abused
substance
Feedback from family about a return to previous
maladaptive coping mechanism is vital
Continued participation in an aftercare program is
important
SELF-CONCEPT
Clients generally have low self-esteem, which
they may express directly or cover with
grandiose behavior.
ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS
Clients usually have experienced many
difficulties
with
social,
family,
and
occupational roles. Absenteeism and poor
work performance are common.
PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Many clients have a history of poor nutrition
(using rather than eating) and sleep
disturbances
that
persist
beyond
detoxification. They may have liver damage
from drinking alcohol, hepatitis or HIV
infection.