Flow of Food

Flow of Food: Preparation
Coursebook Chapter 8
(2-7-13)
In preparation for studying this

material
Review
your notes/worksheet from the

DVD that was watched in class
Proceed
to review the following slides

for additional material that
accompanies the 6th edition of the
Coursebook.
Some
other things you should know
Using Additives
Food and color additives:
Only use additives approved by your local regulatory

authority
NEVER use more additives than are allowed by law
NEVER use additives to alter the appearance of food
Do NOT sell produce treated with sulfites before it
was received in the operation
NEVER add sulfites to produce that will be eaten raw
Violent adverse reactions to sulfites
6-4
used to keep produce from browning
Presenting Food Honestly
Do NOT use the following to misrepresent the

appearance of food:
Food additives or color additives
Colored overwraps
Lights
Food that was not presented honestly must be
thrown out.
6-5
Corrective Actions
Food must be thrown out in the following
situations:
When it is handled by staff who have been
restricted or excluded from the operation due to
illness
When it is contaminated by hands or bodily fluids
from the nose or mouth
When it has exceeded the time and temperature
requirements designed to keep food safe
6-6
Prepping Produce
Produce can be washed in water

containing ozone to sanitize it
Check with your local regulatory
authority
When soaking or storing produce

in standing water or an ice-water
slurry, do NOT mix
Different items
Multiple batches of the same item
6-7
Prepping Ice
NEVER use ice as an ingredient

if it was used to keep food cold
Transfer ice using clean and
sanitized containers and scoops
NEVER hold ice in containers
that held chemicals or raw meat,
seafood, or poultry
6-8
Prepping Ice
Store ice scoops outside ice

machines in a clean, protected
location
NEVER use a glass to scoop
ice or touch ice with hands
6-9
Preparation Practices That Have Special

Requirements
You need a variance if prepping food in
these ways:
Packaging fresh juice on-site for sale at a
later time, unless the juice has a warning
label
Smoking food to preserve it but not to
enhance flavor
Using food additives or components to
preserve or alter food so it no longer
needs time and temperature control for
safety
Curing food
6-10
Preparation Practices That Have Special

Requirements
You need a variance if prepping food
in these ways:
Packaging food using a reducedoxygen packaging (ROP) method
Sprouting seeds or beans
Offering live shellfish from a display
tank
Custom-processing animals for
personal use (i.e., dressing a deer)
6-11
Review
Lets review
6-12
Review
Whats wrong with this picture?
6-13
Review
6-14
Review
6-15
Review
6-16
Review
6-17
COOKING, COOLING,
REHEATING
Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Minimum internal cooking
temperature:
165F (74C) for 15 seconds
Poultrywhole or ground
chicken, turkey, or duck
Stuffing made with fish, meat, or
poultry
Stuffed meat, seafood, poultry, or
pasta
Dishes that include previously
cooked, TCS ingredients
6-20

temperature:
Ground meatbeef, pork, and other

meat
Injected meatincluding brined
ham and flavor-injected roasts
Mechanically tenderized meat
Ratites, including ostrich and emu
Ground seafoodincluding
chopped or minced seafood
Shell eggs that will be hot-held for
service
6-21

temperature:
Seafoodincluding fish,
shellfish, and crustaceans
Steaks/chops of pork, beef,
veal, and lamb
Commercially raised game
Shell eggs that will be served
immediately
6-22

temperature:
145F (63C) for 4 minutes
Roasts of pork, beef, veal, and lamb
Alternate cooking times/temperatures
6-23
130F (54C)
131F (55C)
133F (56C)
135F (57C)
136F (58C)
138F (59C)
140F (60C)
142F (61C)
144F (62C)
112 minutes
89 minutes
56 minutes
36 minutes
28 minutes
18 minutes
12 minutes
8 minutes
5 minutes

temperature:
135F (57C)
Fruit, vegetables, grains (rice,
pasta), and legumes (beans,
refried beans) that will be hotheld for service
6-24
Partial Cooking During Preparation

If partially cooking meat, seafood,
poultry, eggs or dishes containing these

items:
NEVER cook the food longer than
60 minutes during initial cooking
Cool the food immediately after
initial cooking
Freeze or refrigerate the food after
cooling it
Heat the food to at least 165F (74C) for
15 seconds before selling or serving it
Cool the food if it will not be served
immediately or held for service
6-25
Consumer Advisories
If your menu includes raw or undercooked
TCS items, you must:
Note it on the menu next to the items
o Asterisk the item
o Place a footnote at the menu bottom indicating the
item is raw, undercooked, or contains raw or
undercooked ingredients
Advise customers who order this food of the

increased risk of foodborne illness
o Post a notice in the menu
o Provide this information using brochures, table tents,
or signs
6-26
Consumer Advisories
The FDA advises against
offering these items on a

childrens menu if they are raw
or undercooked:
6-27
Meat
Poultry
Seafood
Eggs
Operations That Mainly Serve High-Risk

Populations
NEVER serve:
Raw seed sprouts

Raw or undercooked eggs, meat, or
seafood
Over-easy eggs
Raw oysters on the half shell
Rare hamburgers
6-28
Storing Food for Further Cooling

When storing food for further cooling:
Loosely cover food containers before storing them
Food can be left uncovered if protected from

contamination
o
6-29
Storing uncovered containers above other food,

especially raw seafood, meat, and poultry, will
help prevent cross-contamination
Reheating Food
Food reheated for immediate service:
Can be reheated to any temperature if it was

cooked and cooled correctly
Food reheated for hot-holding:
6-30
Must be reheated to an internal temperature

of 165F (74C) for 15 seconds within two
hours
Reheat commercially processed and

packaged ready-to-eat food to an internal
temperature of at least 135F (57C)
Review
Lets review
6-31
Review
What is the minimum internal cooking

temperature?
A. 165F (74C) for 15 seconds

B. 155F (68C) for 15 seconds
C. 145F (63C) for 15 seconds
D. 135F (57C) for 15 seconds
Ground meat
6-32
Review
What is the minimum internal cooking
temperature?
Beef steak
6-33
Review
What is the minimum internal cooking temperature?

Poultry
6-34
Review

Shell eggs for

hot-holding
6-35
Review

Swordfish
6-36
Review
A. 165F (74C)
B. 155F (68C)
C. 145F (63C)
D. 135F (57C)
Cooked rice
6-37
Review
Meat sauce was cooled from 135F to 70F
(57C to 21C) in 1 hour and then from 70F
to 41F (21C to 5C) in 4 hours. Was it
cooled correctly?
A. Yes
B. No
6-38
Review
Chili was cooled from 135F to 70F
(57C to 21C) in 2 hours and then
from 70F to 41F (21C TO 5C) in 4
hours. Was it cooled correctly?
A. Yes
B. No
6-39
Review
Soup was reheated to 165F (74C)
for 15 seconds within 4 hours. Was
it reheated correctly?
A. Yes
B. No
6-40

Flow of Food

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Flow of Food

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Flow of Food: Preparation

In preparation for studying this

your notes/worksheet from the

to review the following slides

other things you should know

Only use additives approved by your local regulatory

used to keep produce from browning

Presenting Food Honestly

Do NOT use the following to misrepresent the

Produce can be washed in water

When soaking or storing produce

NEVER use ice as an ingredient

Store ice scoops outside ice

Preparation Practices That Have Special

Preparation Practices That Have Special

Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Ground meatbeef, pork, and other

Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Cooking Requirements for Specific Food

Partial Cooking During Preparation

poultry, eggs or dishes containing these

Advise customers who order this food of the

offering these items on a

Operations That Mainly Serve High-Risk

Raw seed sprouts

Storing Food for Further Cooling

Loosely cover food containers before storing them

Food can be left uncovered if protected from

Storing uncovered containers above other food,

Can be reheated to any temperature if it was

Food reheated for hot-holding:

Must be reheated to an internal temperature

Reheat commercially processed and

What is the minimum internal cooking

A. 165F (74C) for 15 seconds

A. 165F (74C) for 15 seconds

A. 165F (74C) for 15 seconds

Shell eggs for

A. 165F (74C) for 15 seconds

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