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WITH EMPHASIS ON
HEMODIAYSIS
MODULE I
HISTORY OF
HEMODIALYSIS
By:
CAMILLE M. ESPINOSA, RN, CNN
Today
HEMODIALYSIS
Aprocedureforremovingmetabolicwasteproductsor
toxic
substancesfromthebloodstream.
Thepatient'sbloodisshuntedfromthebodythrougha
machinefor
DIFFUSIONandULTRAFILTRATIONand
thenreturnedtothe patient'scirculation.
Requires
accesstothepatient'sbloodstream,amechanismfor
thetransportofthebloodtoandfrom
thedialyzer,andadialyzer.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SEMI PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
A type of membrane which allows certain particles to pass through
while others cannot.
DIALYSATE
The material that passes through a membrane during dialysis
DELIVERY SYSTEM
The dialysis machine has two systems
the e x t r a c o r p o re a l (outside the body) circuit T h e
extracorporeal circuit is the tubing, blood pump, h e p a r i n (blood
thinner) pump, k i d n e y, and monitors for blood flow, blood
pressure, and air bubbles.
The dialysate delivery system of the machine mixes the bath with
purified water and checks to be sure it is safe
highlights
1961: THOMAS
GRAHAM
Professor of Chemistry at Andersons
DIFFUSION(separation of substances
across a semipermeable membrane)
Which gave rise to the term DIALYSIS
(this term was first used by Graham on
1854)
DIALYSIS comes from the greek word
Experiment
VIVIDIFUSSION APARRATUS
made up
Out of collodian tubes
housed in a glass cylinder
In which dialysate is
circulated.
The removal of diffusible
substances from circulating
blood of living animals by
Dialysis
HIRUDIN
substances from
circulating blood of living
animals by Dialysis
He
used a VENOVENOUS
approach whereby blood was
removed from the body and
passed through the collodian
membrane, exposed to a
dialyzing solution and then
reinfused into the bloodstream
HIRUDIN
Allergic reactions to impurities in
1928: Discovery of
HEPARIN
By Dr.
WILLIAM
HENRY
HOWELL
Anticoagulan
t
Warfarin,
-Dutch doctor
-father of dialysis
- (1943) invented
the suitable dialyzer
called the
Rotating
Drum Device
disadvantages
Need more
blood
transfusion
s
Minor operations
has to be
performed
Treatment offered only for
acute renal failure which
required treatment time of
approximately 6 hours
hours.
would be used to
treat acute renal
failure in injured
soldiers during the
war.
Kolf would later
develop a disposable
coil dialyzer known
as TWIN COIL
DIALYZER
Physiology or
Medicine in 1990
Transplant were
possible in unrelated
donors if drugs were
taken to supress the
bodys immune
reaction.
CADAVERIC TRANSPLANT
Successful cadaveric
transplantsbegan in the
1960s.
Long term graft survival
AV shunt
AV shunt consisted
connected to the
bloodlines of the dialysis
machine during
treatment
When not in use for a
problem of accidental
dislodgement and bleeding was
not a concern
1964: Home
Hemodialysis
Belding in Seattle