SESSION FIVE: EDUCATION

EDUCATION AS A PROFESSION?
CODES OF ETHICS: USA AND THE PHILIPPINES
ETHICS FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
ETHICS FOR UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE(?) OF EDUCATION?
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATORS?
HOW ARE TEACHERS MADE ACCOUNTABLE TO THESE
STANDARDS?

JOSE RIZALS DONTS FOR DAPITAN SCHOOL

1. Don't gamble.
2. Don't be a drunkard.
3. Don't break the laws.
4. Don't be cruel in any way.
5. Don't be a rabid partisan.
6. Don't be merely a fault finding critic.
7. Don't put yourself in the way of humiliation.
8. Don't treat anyone with haughtiness or contempt.
9. Don't condemn anyone without first hearing his side.
10.Don't abandon the poor man who has right on his side.
11.Don't fail those without means who show application and
ability.
12.Don't associate with immoral persons or with persons or bad
habits.
13.Don't overlook the value to our country of new machinery and
industries.

505-6-.01 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR

EDUCATORS (GEORGIA, USA)
Introduction. The Code of Ethics for Educators defines the
professional behavior of educators in Georgia and serves as a
guide to ethical conduct. The Professional Standards
Commission has adopted standards that represent the
conduct generally accepted by the education profession. The
code defines unethical conduct justifying disciplinary sanction
and provides guidance for protecting the health, safety and
general welfare of students and educators, and assuring the
citizens of Georgia a degree of accountability within the
education profession.
Standards
Standard 1: Legal Compliance
Standard 2: Conduct with Students - An educator shall
always maintain a professional relationship with all
students, both in and outside the classroom. Unethical
conduct includes but is not limited to:

505-6-.01 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR

EDUCATORS (GEORGIA, USA)
committing any act of cruelty to children or any act of child
endangerment;
committing any sexual act with a student or soliciting such
from a student;
engaging in or permitting harassment of or misconduct
toward a student that would violate a
state or federal law;
5. soliciting, encouraging, or consummating an
inappropriate written, verbal, electronic, or physical
relationship with a student;
6. furnishing tobacco, alcohol, or illegal/unauthorized drugs
to any student; or
7. failing to prevent the use of alcohol or illegal or
unauthorized drugs by students who are under the
educators supervision (including but not limited to at the
educators residence or any other private setting).

505-6-.01 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR

EDUCATORS (GEORGIA, USA)
Standard 3: Alcohol or Drugs
Standard 4: Honesty An educator shall exemplify honesty
and integrity in the course of professional practice. Unethical
conduct includes but is not limited to, falsifying,
misrepresenting or omitting:
professional qualifications, criminal history, college or staff
development credit and/or degrees, academic award, and
employment history;
Information submitted to federal, state, local school districts
and other governmental agencies;
information regarding the evaluation of students and/or
personnel;
reasons for absences or leaves;
information submitted in the course of an official
inquiry/investigation; and
information submitted in the course of professional
practice.

505-6-.01 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR

EDUCATORS (GEORGIA, USA)
Standard 7: Confidential Information

Standard 8: Abandonment of Contract - An educator shall

fulfill all of the terms and obligations detailed in the contract
with the local board of education or education agency for the
duration of the contract. Unethical conduct includes but is not
limited to:
1. abandoning the contract for professional services without
prior release from the contract by the employer, and
2. willfully refusing to perform the services required by a
contract.
Standard 9: Required Reports
Standard 10: Professional Conduct
Standard 11: Testing
(4) REPORTING
(5) DISCIPLINARY ACTION: The Professional Standards Commission is
authorized to suspend, revoke, or deny certificates, to issue a
reprimand or warning, or to monitor the educators conduct and

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA):

CODE OF ETHICS

Preamble
The National Education Association believes that the education
profession consists of one education workforce serving the needs
of all students and that the term educator includes education
support professionals.
The educator, believing in the worth and dignity of each human
being, recognizes the supreme importance of the pursuit of truth,
devotion to excellence, and the nurture of the democratic
principles. Essential to these goals is the protection of freedom to
learn and to teach and the guarantee of equal educational
opportunity for all. The educator accepts the responsibility to
adhere to the highest ethical standards.
The educator recognizes the magnitude of the responsibility
inherent in the teaching process. The desire for the respect and
confidence of one's colleagues, of students, of parents, and of the
members of the community provides the incentive to attain and
maintain the highest possible degree of ethical conduct. The Code
of Ethics of the Education Profession indicates the aspiration of all
educators and provides standards by which to judge conduct.

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA):

CODE OF ETHICS

PRINCIPLE I
COMMITMENT TO THE STUDENT

The educator strives to help each student realize his or her

potential as a worthy and effective member of society. The
educator therefore works to stimulate the spirit of inquiry,
the acquisition of knowledge and understanding, and the
thoughtful formulation of worthy goals.
In fulfillment of the obligation to the student, the educator- 1. Shall not unreasonably restrain the student from
independent action in the pursuit of learning.
2. Shall not unreasonably deny the student's access to
varying points of view.
3. Shall not deliberately suppress or distort subject matter
relevant to the student's progress.
4. Shall make reasonable effort to protect the student from
conditions harmful to learning or to health and safety.

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA):

CODE OF ETHICS
5. Shall not intentionally expose the student to
embarrassment or disparagement.
6. Shall not on the basis of race, color, creed, sex, national
origin, marital status, political or religious beliefs, family,
social or cultural background, or sexual orientation,
unfairly- Exclude any student from participation in any program
Deny benefits to any student
Grant any advantage to any student
7. Shall not use professional relationships with students for
private advantage.
8. Shall not disclose information about students obtained in
the course of professional service unless disclosure serves a
compelling professional purpose or is required by law.

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA):

CODE OF ETHICS
PRINCIPLE II
COMMITMENT TO THE PROFESSION
The education profession is vested by the public with a
trust and responsibility requiring the highest ideals of
professional service.
In the belief that the quality of the services of the education
profession directly influences the nation and its citizens, the
educator shall exert every effort to raise professional
standards, to promote a climate that encourages the
exercise of professional judgment, to achieve conditions
that attract persons worthy of the trust to careers in
education, and to assist in preventing the practice of the
profession by unqualified persons.
In fulfillment of the obligation to the profession, the
educator- 1. Shall not in an application for a professional position

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA):

CODE OF ETHICS
3. Shall not assist any entry into the profession of a person
known to be unqualified in respect to character, education,
or other relevant attribute.
4. Shall not knowingly make a false statement concerning
the qualifications of a candidate for a professional position.
5. Shall not assist a noneducator in the unauthorized
practice of teaching.
6. Shall not disclose information about colleagues obtained
in the course of professional service unless disclosure
serves a compelling professional purpose or is required by
law.
7. Shall not knowingly make false or malicious statements
about a colleague.
8. Shall not accept any gratuity, gift, or favor that might
impair or appear to influence professional decisions or
action.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
STATEMENT ON PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Introduction
From its inception, the American Association of University
Professors has recognized that membership in the
academic profession carries with it special responsibilities.
The Association has consistently affirmed these
responsibilities in major policy statements, providing
guidance to professors in such matters as their utterances
as citizens, the exercise of their responsibilities to students
and colleagues, and their conduct when resigning from an
institution or when undertaking sponsored research. The
Statement on Professional Ethics that follows sets forth
those general standards that serve as a reminder of the
variety of responsibilities assumed by all members of the
profession.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
In the enforcement of ethical standards, the academic
profession differs from those of law and medicine, whose
associations act to ensure the integrity of members engaged
in private practice. In the academic profession the individual
institution of higher learning provides this assurance and so
should normally handle questions concerning propriety of
conduct within its own framework by reference to a faculty
group. The Association supports such local action and stands
ready, through the general secretary and the Committee on
Professional Ethics, to counsel with members of the academic
community concerning questions of professional ethics and to
inquire into complaints when local consideration is impossible
or inappropriate. If the alleged offense is deemed sufficiently
serious to raise the possibility of adverse action, the
procedures should be in accordance with the 1940
Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure,
the 1958
Statement on Procedural Standards in Faculty Dismissal Procee

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
The Statement
1. Professors, guided by a deep conviction of the worth and
dignity of the advancement of knowledge, recognize the
special responsibilities placed upon them. Their primary
responsibility to their subject is to seek and to state the
truth as they see it. To this end professors devote their
energies to developing and improving their scholarly
competence. They accept the obligation to exercise critical
self-discipline and judgment in using, extending, and
transmitting knowledge. They practice intellectual honesty.
Although professors may follow subsidiary interests, these
interests must never seriously hamper or compromise
their freedom of inquiry.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
2. As teachers, professors encourage the free pursuit of
learning in their students. They hold before them the best
scholarly and ethical standards of their discipline. Professors
demonstrate respect for students as individuals and adhere to
their proper roles as intellectual guides and counselors.
Professors make every reasonable effort to foster honest
academic conduct and to ensure that their evaluations of
students reflect each students true merit. They respect the
confidential nature of the relationship between professor and
student. They avoid any exploitation, harassment, or
discriminatory treatment of students. They acknowledge
significant academic or scholarly assistance from them. They
protect their academic freedom.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
3. As colleagues, professors have obligations that derive from
common membership in the community of scholars.
Professors do not discriminate against or harass colleagues.
They respect and defend the free inquiry of associates, even
when it leads to findings and conclusions that differ from their
own.Professors acknowledge academic debt and strive to be
objective in their professional judgment of colleagues.
Professors accept their share of faculty responsibilities for the
governance of their institution.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
4. As members of an academic institution, professors seek
above all to be effective teachers and scholars. Although
professors observe the stated regulations of the institution,
provided the regulations do not contravene academic
freedom, they maintain their right to criticize and seek
revision. Professors give due regard to their paramount
responsibilities within their institution in determining the
amount and character of work done outside it. When
considering the interruption or termination of their service,
professors recognize the effect of their decision upon the
program of the institution and give due notice of their
intentions.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS (AAUP)
5. As members of their community, professors have the
rights and obligations of other citizens. Professors measure
the urgency of these obligations in the light of their
responsibilities to their subject, to their students, to their
profession, and to their institution. When they speak or act
as private persons, they avoid creating the impression of
speaking or acting for their college or university. As
citizens engaged in a profession that depends upon
freedom for its health and integrity, professors have a
particular obligation to promote conditions of free inquiry
and to further public understanding of academic freedom.
SOURCE: http://www.aaup.org/report/statement-professionalethics

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the

Philippines
(1994)
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (e), Article 11, of R.
A,. No. 7836, otherwise known as the Philippines
Professionalization Act of 1994 and Paragraph (a), section 6,
P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board for Professional
Teachers hereby adopt the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers.
PREAMBLE
Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possesses
dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence in the practice of
their noble profession, they strictly adhere to, observe, and
practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standards,
and values.
(SEE PDF FOR THE FULL TEXT)
SOURCE:
http://teachercodes.iiep.unesco.org/teachercodes/codes/Asia/P

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the

Philippines
(1994)
ARTICLE VIII
THE TEACHERS AND LEARNERS
Section 1. A teacher has a right and duty to determine the
academic marks and the promotions of learners in the
subject or grades he handles, such determination shall be
in accordance with generally accepted procedures of
evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint,
teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate
actions, of serving due process.
Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and
welfare of learners are of first and foremost concerns, and
shall deal justifiably and impartially with each of them.
Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be
prejudiced nor discriminated against by the learner.
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from
learners, their parents or others in their behalf in exchange
for requested concessions, especially if undeserved.

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the

Philippines
(1994)
Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly,
any remuneration from tutorials other what is authorized
for such service.
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the
learners work only in merit and quality of academic
performance.
Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and
subsequent love develop between teacher and
learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost
professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip and
preferential treatment of the learner.
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on
offending learners nor make deductions from their
scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts which are
clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.
Section 9. A teacher shall ensure that conditions contribute
to the maximum development of learners are adequate,

Break Time: 15 Minutes

ETHICS AND EDUCATORS

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITYS CODE OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGIALITY
WHAT IS ITS OVERALL APPROACH? HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM
OTHER CODES OF ETHICS IN THE SAME PROFESSION?
GENERAL REFLECTIONS:
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE(?) OF EDUCATION?
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATORS?
HOW ARE TEACHERS MADE ACCOUNTABLE TO THESE
STANDARDS?
WHAT ARE THE ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED IN
EDUCATION?

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY CODE OF CHRISTIAN

COLLEGIALITY
Code of Christian Collegiality
Silliman University celebrates friendships predicated on
Christian fellowship. Its faculty, staff and students form a
community of friends and colleagues who all seek to live
and to relate to each other in accordance to this Code.
I. GENERAL STATEMENTS
We recognize that
1. Silliman University is an institution of higher learning
founded on and proclaiming the evangelical tradition of the
Christian faith and seeks unity and cooperation in the best
tradition of the ecumenical movement;
2. Silliman University is a ministry of multilevel Christian
education, and as such the University recognizes and
respects its own Christian ideals, heritage and traditions,
and its faith on Jesus Christ as "the Way, the Truth and the
Life", in the sense stated in the Holy Bible;

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY CODE OF CHRISTIAN

COLLEGIALITY
3. Silliman University is an enabler of great learning by
building in each person a unity of competence, character
and faith and with a deep sense of social responsibility;
4. Silliman University is a community of persons seeking to
build personal and collective development, and which
affirms the fundamental dignity of all human beings and of
the integrity of God's creation;
5. Each person in the University - faculty, staff, student,
alumni, friend - is a repository of the unique heritage and
traditions of Silliman University; each embodying a part of
its heritage and tradition; and
6. Silliman University is a corporation governed by the laws
of the Republic of the Philippines and derives both
entitlements from and obligations to the same.
(SEE .PDF HANDOUT FOR THE FULL TEXT)
SOURCE: http://su.edu.ph/page/8-Code-of-Christian-Collegiality

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY CODE OF CHRISTIAN

COLLEGIALITY
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT:
7. Everyone should refrain from using one's position or
function in the University whether as faculty, staff or student,
to gain and obtain personal entitlements, advantages or
benefits of any kind (monetary or otherwise) that are not
sanctioned nor allowed by the terms of one's professional
engagement or contracted employment in the University;Gift
giving and gift-receiving, whether in cash or in kind, in
consideration of any special act in giving a passing
grade, granting of honors, or for other entitlements,
are strictly prohibited.
8. Each and every one should protect each other from any
form of harassment wherein by reason of superior power,
capacity to intimidate, or moral ascendancy, a person exacts
services, goods, or favors from another, whether or not with
malice or for gains.Faculty members, administrative
personnel or staff, student leaders or any person who
exercises moral ascendancy over another are

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY POLICY ON SEXUAL

HARASSMENT
It is the policy of Silliman University to establish and maintain
an environment in which the dignity and worth of all members
of the institution are protected. The University affirms its
commitment to provide a safe and, comfortable
learning and working environment for students,
faculty, and staff free of sexual harassment and all
forms of sexual intimidation and exploitation. Sexual
harassment in any situation is reprehensible and will
not be tolerated. It subverts the mission of the
University and threatens the careers of students,
faculty and staff. Sexual harassment as defined herein,
constitutes grave misconduct as the case may be, under the
University Rules and Regulations. Individuals who violate this
policy are subject to disciplinary action which includes
dismissal, expulsion or other appropriate sanctions.
II. Definition of Sexual Harassment
III. Examples of Sexual Harassment
(FOR THE FULL TEXT, SEE THE STUDENT MANUAL .PDF HANDOUT)

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY POLICY ON SEXUAL

HARASSMENT
IV. Relations Between Individual Faculty Members and
Students or Employees
Those who supervise or evaluate the work of others, both in
academic and employment settings, must base their
decisions on the merits, and must deserve the trust of
persons affected by these decisions. To be effective, they
must be perceived to make their decisions fairly and
without favoritism. There are special risks in any sexual
or romantic relationship between individuals in
inherently unequal positions (such as teacher and
student, supervisor and employee, or student
resident and the individual who supervises the dayto day living environment). Such relationships may
have the effect of undermining the atmosphere of
trust on which the educational process depends.
Implicit in the idea of professionalism is the
recognition by those in the positions of authority
that, in their relationships with students, there is

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY POLICY ON SEXUAL

HARASSMENT
Officers and other members of the teaching staff
should be aware that any romantic involvement with
their student who is under their direct supervision
makes liable for formal action against them if a
romantic involvement is initiated by a student. Even
when both parties have consented to the
development of such a relationship, it is the officer
or instructor who, by virtue of his/ her special
responsibility, will be held accountable for
unprofessional conduct. Because graduate students
or tutors may be less accustomed than the faculty
members to thinking of themselves as holding
professional responsibilities, they would be wise to
exercise personal care in their relationships with
students whom they instruct or evaluate.
In a personal relationship between an officer and a student
for whom the officer has no current professional
responsibility, the officer should exercise professional

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY POLICY ON SEXUAL

HARASSMENT
The University has no formal policy prohibiting
consensual or sexual relationships among faculty,
staff or students. But the relationship in which the
party is in a position or review to the work or influence the
career of the other may provide grounds for complaint
when that relationship gives undue process or advantage,
restricts opportunities, or creates a hostile and
unacceptable environment for others.
Furthermore, circumstances may change and
conduct that was previously welcome, may become
unwelcome. Even when both parties have consented at
the outset to a romantic involvement, this past consent
does not remove grounds for a change based upon
subsequent unwelcome conduct.
Thus, the faculty member who enters into sexual
relationship with a student ( or a supervisor with an
employee) when a professional power differential exists,
must realize that, if a charge of sexual harassment is

ETHICAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION

WHAT IS EDUCATION? SHOULD SCHOOLS EXERCISE A
RESPONSIBILITY IN LOCO PARENTIS?
WHAT DO THE CODES OF ETHICS SUGGEST? HAVE
SCHOOLS ABANDONED THEIR TRADITIONAL ROLE OF
IN LOCO PARENTIS?
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: WHAT IS PLAGIARISM AND
WHY IS IT A GROWING PROBLEM? HOW IS DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGY EXPANDING THE PROBLEM WHILE ALSO
PROVIDING TOOLS FOR ADDRESSING IT?
HONESTY: FALSIFICATION OF RESUMES AND
CREDENTIALS? WHAT ELSE?

ETHICAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION

CONFIDENTIALITY: SHOULD TEACHERS BE INFORMED
ABOUT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES OR PERSONAL
INFORMATION OF THEIR STUDENTS?
USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: SHOULD SCHOOLS
HAVE THE RIGHT TO MONITOR AND CENSOR
STUDENT AND/OR FACULTY USE OF THE INTERNET?
IS THIS AN INVASION OF PRIVACY? ARE THERE ANY
LIMITS TO THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY?
CONTINUOUS LEARNING: PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE:
IS THEUNIVERSITY UNREASONABLE IN DEMANDING
THAT ALL TEACHERS HAVE AT LEAST A MASTERS
DEGREE IN THE SUBJECT THAT THEY TEACH?
WHAT ARE YOUR CONCERNS?

TIME FOR LUNCH YEHEY!