Hydrocarbon Detection with

AVO
Cendra Januari

Outline Presentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction
Basic Principle of AVO
Classes of AVO Response
AVO Atribute
References

Introduction
In exploration, besides of focusing
on the petroleum, now also directed
to find gas.
Early 1970s, bright spots were
recognized as potential hydrocarbons

Bright spots-from a gas sand,

and from a high velocity basalt.
(Courtesy of Bill Ostrander and
Chevron Corporation, reference 5)

AVO method (Amplitude Variation

with Offset) was developed to
observing variations in amplitude of
P-wave to the appearance of bright
spot or dim spot on the seismic
section.

Basic Principle of AVO

Reflection and energy transmition of

seismic wave for angle of incidence is
more the zero (Yilmaz,2001)

Where
1 : Incidence P-wave
1 : Reflected P-wave
2 : Transmitted P-wave
1 : Reflected S-wave
2 : Transmitted S-wave
p
: wave parameter
Vp1 : P-wave velocity in first medium
Vp2 : P-wave velocity in second
medium
Vs1 : S-wave velocity in first
medium
VS2 : S-wave velocity in second
medium

Basic Principle of AVO

Single
Single layer
layer acquisition
acquisition
geometry,
geometry, associated
associated
sinthetic
traces
sinthetic
traces
showing
showing AVO
AVO effect
effect of
of
gas
gas sand
sand

Chiburis et. Al.. (1993)

Basic Principle of AVO

Zoeppritz
Equation

Approaches to AVO
Aki and Richard
(1980)

Wiggins

Where:

Shuey (1985)

Intercept and Gradient (AVO)

Based on Aki and Richards Equation
(1980)

Source:
http://ensiklopediseismik.blogspot.co.id/2009/04/interceptdan-gradient-avo.html

Intercept and Gradient (AVO)

Quantitative Zoeppritz prediction of AVO effects for three

reflections in the Texas gas field of Royal Oil & gas. At top
of gas sand amplitude doubles from slightly negative to
very negative, as offset increase. At the gas water contact
near the bottom of the sand amplitude increase 50% from
slightly positive to more positive. Most reflectiont hat do
not involve a fluid change show negligible amplitude
change. (Chiburis et al, 1993)

Intercept *Gradient (Product)

Synthetic
traces,
top
and associated
AVO composite
tracesgradient,
intercept and
their product
(G*P). Positive
product
indicates
hydrocarbon,
in this case
gas. (Chiburis et
al, 1993)

Intercept and Gradient (AVO)

The measured
AVO
gather
from
Royal
Oils Texas gas
well,
Amplitude
of
the
small
negative
reflection
at
the top of the
gas
becomes
more negative
as
offset
increases. The
seismic
data
have
undergone
true amplitude
processing.

Reference
Avrino, Adde. 2011. Tesis:Analisa AVO dan Sifat Petrofisika untuk Membedakan
Respon Volcaic Tuff dan Hydrocarbon Sand pada Lapangan Eksplorasi Deep
Water, Selat. Universitas Indonesia: Depok
Feng, Hong. 2009. Hidrocarbon Indicators Derived from AVO Analysis, Dept of
Geoscience, Calgary
Hermawan, Ade.D. 2011. Skripsi: Inversi AVO Simultan dan Analisa Lambda Mu Rho
untuk Mengidentifikasi Litologi dan Jenis Fluida: Studi Kasus Lapangan Penobscot,
Kanada. Universitas Indonesia: Depok
Sismanto. 2006a. Akuisisi Data Seismik. Yogyakarta: Laboratorium Geofisika Program
Studi Geofisika Jurusan Fisika Fkultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam,
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Sismanto. 2006b. Pemrosesan Data Seismik. Yogyakarta: Laboratorium Geofisika
Program Studi Geofisika Jurusan Fisika Fkultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Gadjah Mada