Bab 6 Ungkapan Algebra III

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No Part Of This Presentation

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Or Transmitted In Any Form
.
Or By Any Means!
Prepared By :
Pn Norisah bt Mustaffa
( 013-9327266)
8/6/16
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Maths Form
Chapter 66
Chapter
Prepared By
Norisah Mustaffa
(COPYRIGHT RESERVED)
Algebraic Expressions III
(3x
6.1Expanding Brackets
+ 2)(5x 1
)
6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions

4
3x 15
3
6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Alfebraic Fraction
1
7y
6.4 Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions

x2 y2
X 2 + 1 2x + 8
x+y
)
y
5
+
- (x
)
y
3
(8x +
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2x 5y
32 6
6.1
Expanding Brackets
Expansion is the product of multiplying an

algebraic expression by a term or another
algebraic expression.
Example 1:
Find the product of the following.
a) 3x ( 3x 4y)
= 9x2 - 12xy
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Expanding the brackets

means that each term inside
the brackets is multiplied by
the term outside.
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6.1
Expanding Brackets
Expansion is the product of multiplying an

algebraic expression by a term or another
algebraic expression.
Example 2:
b) (x y) (3x + 5y)
= 3x2 + 5xy - 3xy - 5y2
Like terms can be simplified
= 3x2 + 2xy 5y2

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Expanding the
brackets means that
each term inside the
brackets is multiplied
by the term outside.
6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of a linear algebraic expression
a term times with
with a linear term
cantimes
be obtained
by multiplying
a
term
with
another
term expression with the
each term of the
algebraic
an algebraic
linear term outside. (single bracket)
expression
Example 3:
Find the product of the following
a) 5a( 4b)
b) -3m (2m 7n)
= 5a x 4b
-3m(2m) -3m(-7n)
= 20ab
= -6m2 + 21mn
The product is
also a term
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The product is
an algebraic
expression
5
6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of two linear algebraic

expressions can be obtained by multiplying each
term in the first expression with every term in the
second expression.(two brackets)
Example 4:
(x + 3) (x + 7)
Like
terms
= x2 + 7x + 3x + 21
= x2 + 10x + 21
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Unlike
terms
6
6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of two linear algebraic expressions

can be obtained by multiplying each term in the first
expression with every term in the second
expression.
Example 5:
One flower (f)
(5x + 2) (x - 4)
= 5x2 - 20x + 2x - 8
= 5x2 - 18x - 8
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Two flowers (f)
Like
terms
f + 2f = 3f
7
6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of two linear algebraic expressions

can be obtained by multiplying each term in the first
expression with every term in the second
expression.
Example 6:
(3a - b) (4a 3)
= 12a2 - 9a - 4ab + 3b
Two
strawberries
Unlike
terms
2s + t = 2s + t
All terms are unlike terms. They cannot be simplified.
= 12a2 9a 4ab + 3b
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One
tomato
6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 7:
Find the product of (a + b)2.
Method 1:
(a + b)2
Square the first term a, in the

bracket
+
(a + b)2 means
the square of
(a + b)
= (a + b) (a +b)
= a2 + ab + ba + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and b

+
square the second term b, in the
bracket
(a + b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x b) + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2
Compare the answers

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6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 8:
Find the product of (a - b)2.
Method 1:
(a - b)2
Square the first term a, in the

bracket
+
(a - b)2 means
the square of
(a - b)
= (a - b) (a - b)
= a2 - ab - ba + b2
= a2 - 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and -b

+
square the second term -b, in the
bracket
(a - b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x -b) + -b2
= a2 - 2ab + b2
Compare the answers

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10
6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 9:
Find the product of (2r + 3s)2.
Method 1:
(2r + 3s)2
(2r + 3s)2 means

the square of
(2r + 3s)
= (2r + 3s) (2r + 3s)

= 4r2 + 6rs + 6rs + 9s2
= 4r2 + 12rs + 9s2

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Method 2:
Square the first term 2r, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, 2r and 3s
+
square the second term 3s, in
the bracket
(2r + 3s)2
= (2r)2+ (2x2rx3s)+ (3s)2
= 4r2 +12rs + 9s2
Compare the answers

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11
6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 10:
Find the product of (m 2n)2.
Method 1:
(m 2n)2
(m 2n)2 means
the square of
(m 2n)
= (m 2n) (m 2n)
= m2 - 2mn - 2mn + 4n2
= m2 4mn + 4n2
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Method 2:
Square the first term m, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, m and -2n
+
square the second term -2n, in
the bracket
(m 2n)2
= m2 + (2xmx-2n)+(-2n)2
= m2 - 4mn + 4n2
Compare the answers

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12
Three Identities That

Must Be Remembered
(a + b)2 = (a + b) (a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a - b)2 = (a - b) (a - b) = a2 - 2ab + b2
a2 - b2 = ( a + b ) ( a b )
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13
6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factors of a term is the number or terms that can
divide a term exactly.
To find the factors of a term,
As an example: 3pq
state the term as a product of
two different terms first.
3pq = 1 x 3pq
= 3 x pq
Thus, the
factors of 3pq =
1, 3, p, q, 3p,
3q, pq, and 3pq
= p x 3q
= q x 3p
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic

9a and Expressions
3b can be
Number 3 must be
multiplied
to term
each term
Factors
of a
is the
in the bracket,

As an example:
Expand:
3(3a + b)
= 9a + 3b
Factorising is
the reverse of
expanding.
divided by 3. So, 3
number
termsfactor
that
is aor
common
of
9a + 3b
Factorise:
= 9a + 3b
= 3(3a + b)
Expand
3(3a + b)
9a + 3b
Factorise
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can
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15

Example 1:
Taking out the
common
factors of each
term.
(a) 4ab2 6ac + 8a

= 2(2ab2 3ac + 4a)
= 2a(2b2 - 3c + 4)
Taking out the

common factor 2
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Taking out the

common factor a
16

Example 2: Factorise of the following.
(a) 3xy2 + 12x2y
Taking out the
common factors of
each term.
= 3(xy2 + 4x2y)
= 3x(y2 + 4xy)
Taking out the

common factor 3
Taking out the
common factor x
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= 3xy(y + 4x)
Taking out the

common factor y
17

Factors of a term is the number or terms that
can divide a term exactly.
Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares.
Can you express some examples?
x2 y2
4a2 b2
p2q2 16
9 25m2
1 m2
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x2
32 x2y4
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18
6.2
Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Squares. (consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
4a2 b2
4a2 = (2a)2
= (2a)2 b2
= (2a b ) (2a + b)
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19

Squares. (consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
1 = 12
1 m2
= 12 m 2
= (1 m ) (1 + m)
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20

Squares. .(consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
16 = 42
p2q2 = (pq)2
p2q2 16
= (pq)2 42
= (pq 4 ) (pq + 4)
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21

x 2 y2
= (x
y) (x
y)
Example
4: +
Factorise
of the following.
= ( )2
x2
= x2 ( ) 2
= (x ) ( x + )
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6.2

x 2 y2
= Example
(x y) 5:
(x Factorise
+ y) of the following.
9 = 32
25m2 = (5m)2
9 25m2
= 32 (5m)2
= (3 5m ) (3 + 5m)
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6.2

x2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
32 x2y4
x2y4 = (xy2)2
= 32 (xy2)2
= (3 xy2 ) (3 + xy2)
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6.2

x2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
36x2 = (6x)2
121y2 = (11y)2
36x2 121y2
= (6x)2 (11y)2
= (6x 11y ) (6x + 11y)
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x 2 y2
Example
2 2 (x y) (x
+ y) 8:
a4 = (a=
)
4
4
a
b
4
2 2
b = (b )
Factorise of the following.
= (a2)2 (b2)2
= (a2 b2 ) (a2 + b2)
= (a b) (a + b) (a2 + b2)
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x y
y) (x
Example =
9: (x
Factorise
of +
they)
following.
18 50y2
2
18 and 50 are not

perfect squared. So,
Taking out 2 as the
common factors of
each term.
25y2 = (5y)2
= 2(9 25y2)
= 2[32 (5y)2]
= 2(3 5y) (3 + 5y)
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27

Squares.(consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x 10:y)Factorise
(x + y)of the following.
Example
16 = 42
a 16
4
a4 = (a2)2
= (a2)2 (22)2
= (a2 22 ) (a2 + 22)
= (a 2) (a + 2) (a2 + 4)
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6.2

Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.
x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2
x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2
a) x2 + 10x + 25
b) x2 - 14x + 49
= x2 + 2(5x) + 52
= x2 - 2(7x) + 72
= (x + 5 )2
= (x - 7)2
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6.2

consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.
x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2
x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2
a) 9p2 + 6pq + q2
b) x2 - 4xy + 4y2
= (3p)2 + 2(3pq) + q2
= x2 - 2(2xy) + (2y)2
= (3p + q)2
= (x 2y)2
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6.2

consist of four terms.
ax + ay + bx + by
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (ax + ay) + (bx + by)

= a(x + y) + b(x + y)
= (a + b) (x + y)
Take out the

common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(x + y)
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6.2

4m + 3n - mn - 12
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (4m - mn) + (3n - 12)

= m(4 - n) + 3(n - 4)
= m(4 n) 3(-n + 4)
= (4 - n) (m - 3)
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Take out the

common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(4 n)
32
6.2

pq + qr - ps - rs
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (pq + qr) - (ps + rs)

= q(p + r) - s(p + r)
= (p + r) (q - s)
Take out the

common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(p + r)
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6.2

8ab 10a + 12b - 15
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (8ab 10a) + (12b - 15)

= 2a(4b - 5) + 3(4b - 5)
= (4b - 5) (2a + 3)
Take out the

common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(4b 5)
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6.2

36x 4y 3xy + 27x2
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (36x 4y) - (3xy 27x2)

= 4(9x - y) 3x(y 9x)
= 4(9x y) + 3x(-y + 9x)
Take out the

common factor
within the group
= (4 + 3x) (9x y)
Take out the
common factor
(9x y)
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Tips:
4+3=7
4 x 3 = 12
Change the
expression into
four terms
x2 + 7x + 12
= x2 + 4x + 3x + 12
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (x2 + 4x) + (3x + 12)

= x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4)
= (x + 3) (x + 4)
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Take out the

common factor
(x + 4)
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36

Tips:
13 - 3 = 10
13x(-3) = - 39
Change the
expression into
four terms
x2 + 10x - 39
= x2 + 13x - 3x - 39
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (x2 + 13x) - (3x + 39)

= x(x + 13) - 3(x + 13)
= (x - 3) (x + 13)
8/6/16
Take out the

common factor
(x + 13)
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Tips:
1-6=-5
1x(-6) = - 6
Change the
expression into
four terms
a2 5a - 6
= a2 + 1a 6a - 6
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (a2 + a) - (6a + 6)
= a(a + 1) - 6(a + 1)
= (a - 6) (a + 1)
8/6/16
Take out the

common factor
(a + 1)
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38

Tips:
- 8 - 3 = - 11
(-8)x(-3) = 24
Change the
expression into
four terms
m2 11m + 24
= m2 8m 3m + 24
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (m2 - 8m) - (3m - 24)

= m(m - 8) - 3(m - 8)
= (m - 3) (m - 8)
8/6/16
Take out the

common factor
(m - 8)
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39

2x4 = 8
Tips:
8+1=9
8x1=8
Change the
expression into
four terms
2x2 + 9x + 4
= 2x2 + 8x + 1x + 4
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (2x2 + 8x) + (1x + 4)

= 2x(x + 4) + 1(x + 4)
= (2x + 1) (x + 4)
8/6/16
Take out the

common factor
(x + 4)
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40
6.2
Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic
expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Can you give some examples?
x2
y
3x 2
y
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numerator
numerator
Good job!
numerator
numerator
numerator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator
y2 4y + 4
y-2
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4a2 b2
a+b
x2 9
(x3)(x-1)
41
6.2

Example 1:
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:
9ab2
3b
=9xaxbxb
1
1
3xb
Congratulations!
=3xaxb
1
= 3ab
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42
6.2

Example 2:
Well
Solution:
done!
1
2
x 9
x+3
Factorise the
numerator first.
= (x 3) (x 1+ 3)
x+3
=x-3
1
=x-3
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43
6.2

Example 3:
Solution:
8 32m
2 - 8m
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.
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= 8 1(1 - 4m)
2 (1 - 4m)
Good Job!
= 4(1 4m)
1
1 - 4m
=4
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44
6.2

Example 4:
Congratulations!
Solution:
3p
6p 9q
Factorise the
denominator first.
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3p____
3(2p 3q)
p
2p 3q
___
1
___ ____
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45

6.2
Example 5:
Solution:
Bravo!
1
2
= (x + 3) (x + 2)
x + 5x + 6
(x + 3)2
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.
8/6/16
(x + 3) (x + 3)
= x+2
x+3
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6.3
Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions
a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic

fractions with similar denominators.
Example 1:
x + 4x
3
3
Good!
8/6/16
Solution:
= x + 4x
3
= 5x
3
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Maintain the
denominator
Add the
numerator
47
6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions

a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:
2x + y + 4x 3y
2
2
= 2x + y + (4x-3y)
2
Maintain the
denominator
= 2x + 4x + y 3y
2
Well done!
= 6x 2y
2
1
= 2 (3x y)
21
Add or
subtract the
numerators
Simplify
= 3x - y
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48

a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 3:
3x - 5 - 9x 7
x+2
x+2
= 3x - 5 - (9x - 7)
x+2
= 3x - 9x - 5 + 7
x+2
= - 6x + 2
x+2
The positive
term is always
written in front
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Maintain the
denominator
Add or
subtract the
numerators
= 2 - 6x
x+2
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49

b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 1:
5a - 3a
7
14
= 5a x 2 3a
7x2
14
= 10a 3a
14
= 7a
14
Well Done!
8/6/16
= a
2
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Let the
denominators
same.
Subtract the
numerators
Simplify
50

b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:
= n(m + n) + m(4m 5n)
m + n + 4m 5n
mxn
nxm
Multiply the
Very
Good!
= mn + n2 + 4m2 - 5mn
mn
= 4m2 4mn + n2
mn
= (2m n) (2m n)
mn
= (2m n)2
mn
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numerator and
the
denominator
Add or
subtract the
numerators
Simplify
51
6.4
Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions

Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
Example 1:
Example 2:
3 ( 4a 5b)
4 ( 3m + 7n)
y
One term
One term
Solution:
Solution:
= 3 x 4a 3 x 5b
= 12a 15b
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Multiply the
numerator
separately
= 4 x 3m + 4 x 7n
y
y
= 12m 28n
y
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Multiply the
numerator
separately
52
6.4

Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:
4x 8x2 x 15
5
4x
X2 y2 x x
2x
x+y
Two terms
Two terms
Solution:
1
= (x y)(x + y) x x
1
1
2x
(x+y)
4x
= 3(1 2x)
=xy
2
8/6/16
Solution:
3
1
= 4x (1 2x) x 15
1
1
= 3 6x
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6.4

Dividing algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
(b) Denominator with two terms.
Example 1:
Example 2:
r 7
s 2s
(a + b) 3(a + b)
a2 b2
a-b
One term
Solution:
Two terms
= r x 2s
s 7
Solution:
1
= (a + b) x
1
1
= 2r
7
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(a-b)
(a-b)(a+b) 3(a + b)
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1
3(a + b)
54
6.4

Dividing algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:
4(x x2) (x-1)

5
5
3y2 y
2x
4x
Two terms
Two terms
Solution:
2
2 y
= 3y x 4x
2x 1 y 1
= 4(x x2) x 5
5
x-1
-1
= 4x(1 x) x 5 1
1
5 1 x-1
= 6y = 6y
1
8/6/16
Solution:
= - 4x
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If at first you don't succeed ... so much for skydiving.
Thank
Thank
You
You
8/6/16
Copyright Reserved
56

Bab 6 Ungkapan Algebra III

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No Part Of This Presentation

Algebraic Expressions III

6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions

6.4 Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions

Expansion is the product of multiplying an

Expanding the brackets

Expansion is the product of multiplying an

= 3x2 + 2xy 5y2

The expansion of two linear algebraic

The expansion of two linear algebraic expressions

One flower (f)

Two flowers (f)

The expansion of two linear algebraic expressions

All terms are unlike terms. They cannot be simplified.

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Square the first term a, in the

Multiply all the terms, 2, a and b

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Square the first term a, in the

Multiply all the terms, 2, a and -b

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

(2r + 3s)2 means

= (2r + 3s) (2r + 3s)

= 4r2 + 12rs + 9s2

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Compare the answers

Three Identities That

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic

divide a term exactly.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

(a) 4ab2 6ac + 8a

Taking out the

Taking out the

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Taking out the

Taking out the

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factors of a term is the number or terms that can

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 6: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 7: Factorise of the following.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorise of the following.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

18 and 50 are not

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 2: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

Group the term