SINGLE ELECTRON

TRANSISTOR
BY
N.VIJAYALAKSHMI
Roll.No.30

What is SET?

Single electron transistor (SET) is a device

of single electronics
It is of nanometer-scale devices
SETs can solve the intrinsic drawbacks of
CMOS technology
it can be combined with CMOSs to improve
overall performance of integrated circuits -reducing power consumption and achieving
greater functionality

Contnd..

SET can be viewed as a field-effect

transistor in which the channel is
replaced by two tunnel junctions
forming a metallic island

FET Vs SET

field-effect transistor when electrons are added to a

semiconductor on and turns off when they are removed.
One then has a transistor that turns on and off again every
time one electron is added to it
we call it a single electron transistor the electrons are
confined within a small volume and communicate with the
electrical leads by tunnelling
Aggressive scaling of MOSFET dimensions to near-10nanometer scale is expected to produce a number of
fundamental reliability issues related to irregular dopant
distributions, parameter fluctuations, and continuity of the
channel region.

PRINCIPLE OF SET

A SINGLE ELCTRON BOX

OPERATION OF A SET
TRANSISTOR

The key point is that charge passes

through the island in quantized units
For an electron to hop onto the
island, its energy must equal the
Coulomb energy e2/2C
When both the gate and bias voltages
are zero, electrons do not have
enough energy to enter the island
and current does not flow

Contd..

As the bias voltage is increased an electron can

pass through the island when the energy in the
system reaches the Coulomb energy This effect
is known as the Coulomb blockade
If the gate voltage is increased, the energy of
the initial system gradually increases, while the
energy of the system with one excess electron
on the island gradually decreases

VERSIONS OF SET

two versions
"metallic" and "semi conducting".

FABRICATION OF SET

AFM image of a single

electron transistor made by
the STM nano-oxidation
process
Schematic of a single electron transistor

APPLICATIONS OF THE SET

SETMOS
a hybrid combination,
similar to that
of SET and FET,
of SETs and CMOS
transistors in
SETMOS devices
can provide enough
gain and current
drive to perform
logic functions
on a much smaller
scale than possible
with just an CMOS

APPLICATIONS OF THE SET

ELECTROMETERS
TO INCREASE BATTERY LIFE IN
PORTABLE ELECTRONICS
RADIO-FREQUENCY SET
fast responsive and high sensitivity electrometer

CONCLUSION

Because of its small size, low energy

consumption and high sensitivity, SET has
found many applications in many areas
SETs could be used for memory device, but
even the latest SETs suffer from offset
charges, which means that the gate
voltage needed to achieve maximum
current varies randomly from device to
device.