ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Dr. Yonian Gentilis

Host defense mechanisms consist

of :
- Innate immunity initial
protection
- Adaptive immunity more slowly
and provides more specialized and
effective defense

Adaptive Immunity
Cell-mediated
Immunity

Tlymphocytes

Humoral
Immunity

Blymphocytes
Antibodies

Lymphocytes
Arise from stem cells in bone marrow
Mature in
Bone Marrow

Mature in
Thymus

Lymphocyte B

Generative
lymphoid organs

Lymphocyte T

Lymph
Node,
Spleen

Peripheral
Lymphoid
Organs

Humoral Immunity
B-lymphocytes
Antibodies
Secreted into the
circulation and
mucosal fluids
Eliminated and
neutralised
microbes and toxins
Out side of host

Antibodies:
To stop microbes that
are present at mucosal
surface and blood from
gaining access to and
colonizing host cells
and connective tissue
Cannot gain access to
microbes that live
inside infected cells

Cell-mediated Immunity
Cell:
1. APC
2. Lymphocytes key mediators of
adaptive immunity
3. Effector cells

Cell-mediated Immunity
APC: Capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes.
Example: Dendritic cells, macrophages, blood monocytes
T- lymphocytes:
Antigen receptors recognize only peptide fragment of
protein antigens that are bound to MHC on the surface of
APC
CD4 Tcell = T helper lymphocytes Helping B
lymphocyte to produce antibody & help phagocytosis
process
CD8 Tcell = Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Destroy cells
harboring intracell microbes

Adaptive Immunity
Naive
Lymphocyte

There was no
antigen
recognized

Was in blood circulation

weeks-months until they
find any antigen

There was
antigen
recognized
Activated

Death by apoptosis

Effector
cells
CD8
CD4
(from T
(from T
lymphocyt lymphocyt
es)
es)
Provides
Produc
Kill Cells
antibody
es
cytokin
Macrophagees Activated lymp. B ce

Memory
cells
Plasma cells
(from B
lymphocytes)

Mechanism
Microbes
invades
Captured by APC
(dendritic cells)
Transport to draining
lymph node
Protein antigens are processed in the dendritic
cells to generate peptides that are displayed on
he surface on the surface APCs bound to MHC.