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  • The Role of Different Agricultural Plant Species in Air Pollution

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    jpeterson1
    171 vizualizări23 pagini
    Peter Fiala, University of Rochester - Abstract: The goal of this research project is to use remote sensing data to study the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. It is known that chemical reactions within plants serve as both sources and sinks for different types of Volatile Organic Compounds. However, the species-specific relationships have not been well studied. Through the better characterization of this relationship, certain aspects of air pollution may be more effectively managed. For this project, I used Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and trace gas measurements from instruments on board the NASA DC-8 to assess the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. I used measurements primarily from the agricultural land surrounding Bakersfield, CA. I created a map of the crop species in this area using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) on the AVIRIS imagery, and matched this to trace gas measurements taken on the DC-8. I used a Hysplit matrix trajectory to account for the air transport over the vegetation and up to contact with the plane. Finally, I identified correlations between the plant types and the concentration of the pollutants. The results showed that there were significant relationships between specific species and pollutants, with lemons and grapes contributing to enhanced pollution, and tree nuts reducing pollution. Specifically, almonds produced significantly lower levels of O3 , NO, and NO2. Lemons and grapes had high O3 levels, and lemons had high levels of isoprene. In total, these data show that it may be possible to mitigate airborne pollution via selective planting; however, the overall environmental effects are much more complicated and must be analyzed further.

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    Peter Fiala, University of Rochester - Abstract: The goal of this research project is to use remote sensing data to study the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. It is known that chemical reactions within plants serve as both sources and sinks for different types of Volatile Organic Compounds. However, the species-specific relationships have not been well studied. Through the better characterization of this relationship, certain aspects of air pollution may be more effectively managed. For this project, I used Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and trace gas measurements from instruments on board the NASA DC-8 to assess the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. I used measurements primarily from the agricultural land surrounding Bakersfield, CA. I created a map of the crop species in this area using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) on the AVIRIS imagery, and matched this to trace gas measurements taken on the DC-8. I used a Hysplit matrix trajectory to account for the air transport over the vegetation and up to contact with the plane. Finally, I identified correlations between the plant types and the concentration of the pollutants. The results showed that there were significant relationships between specific species and pollutants, with lemons and grapes contributing to enhanced pollution, and tree nuts reducing pollution. Specifically, almonds produced significantly lower levels of O3 , NO, and NO2. Lemons and grapes had high O3 levels, and lemons had high levels of isoprene. In total, these data show that it may be possible to mitigate airborne pollution via selective planting; however, the overall environmental effects are much more complicated and must be analyzed further.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    171 vizualizări23 pagini

    The Role of Different Agricultural Plant Species in Air Pollution

    Încărcat de

    jpeterson1
    Peter Fiala, University of Rochester - Abstract: The goal of this research project is to use remote sensing data to study the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. It is known that chemical reactions within plants serve as both sources and sinks for different types of Volatile Organic Compounds. However, the species-specific relationships have not been well studied. Through the better characterization of this relationship, certain aspects of air pollution may be more effectively managed. For this project, I used Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and trace gas measurements from instruments on board the NASA DC-8 to assess the relationship between different plant species and the pollutants in the air. I used measurements primarily from the agricultural land surrounding Bakersfield, CA. I created a map of the crop species in this area using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) on the AVIRIS imagery, and matched this to trace gas measurements taken on the DC-8. I used a Hysplit matrix trajectory to account for the air transport over the vegetation and up to contact with the plane. Finally, I identified correlations between the plant types and the concentration of the pollutants. The results showed that there were significant relationships between specific species and pollutants, with lemons and grapes contributing to enhanced pollution, and tree nuts reducing pollution. Specifically, almonds produced significantly lower levels of O3 , NO, and NO2. Lemons and grapes had high O3 levels, and lemons had high levels of isoprene. In total, these data show that it may be possible to mitigate airborne pollution via selective planting; however, the overall environmental effects are much more complicated and must be analyzed further.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 23

    The Role of Different Agricultural

    Plant Species in Air Pollution


    Peter Fiala1
    With Dar Roberts2 , David Miller2 , Alex Kostakis3
    1. University of Rochester
    2. University of California, Santa Barbara
    3. University of Houston

    Background
    Plants produce and absorb Volatile
    Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the air1,2
    VOCs in Tropospheric Chemistry

    Figure by Stanley Barlow

    Motivation

    Similar studies related to aerosols3


    Few studies extend this to VOCs2
    Unknown sources of biogenics
    Potential to mitigate ozone production!

    ???

    Methods
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    Create a map of plant species


    Overlay pollution measurements
    Account for air transport
    Conflate the data
    Analyze for correlations

    Crop Map

    ENVI
    MESMA unmixing ( = 0.912)
    Plants look like plants

    Almonds

    Grapes

    Cotton

    Creating a
    Crop Map

    Alfalfa
    Grape
    Cotton
    6

    Pollution Measurements

    PTRMS
    NOxyO3
    Flight on 06/18/16

    Wind

    Air transport
    Altitude
    Hysplit matrix
    trajectory

    Full Map

    Results

    Lemons produce more isoprene


    No relationship with monoterpenes
    Strong relationships with ozone
    Trees appear to filter out NOX
    For NOxyO3

    Almonds have low levels


    Grapes and lemons have high levels

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    Sources of Error

    Incorrect map
    Air passing through multiple fields
    Reactions in the air
    Pesticides

    16

    Conclusions
    Plants interact with pollutants in the
    troposphere
    The interactions are species dependant
    Different species can increase or reduce
    overall pollution
    The total environmental effect is more
    complicated than just air pollution4

    17

    Acknowledgements

    Emily Schaller, NSERC


    DC-8 Crew, KORUS-AQ Scientists
    Dar Roberts
    David Miller
    Sarah Shivers
    Alex Kostakis
    Tayler Duclos
    18

    References
    1. Wolverton, B.C.; Douglas, Willard; Bounds, Keith.A Study of Interior
    Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement. NASA, July 1989.
    2. Gastelum, Sandra. Remote sensing estimation of isoprene and
    monoterpene emissions generated by natural vegetation in Monterrey,
    Mexico. Environ Monit Assess, (2016) 188: 321.
    3. Janhll, Sara. Review on urban vegetation and particle air pollution
    Deposition and dispersion. Atmospheric Environment 105 (2015) 130
    137.
    4. Escobedo, Francisco. Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing
    ecosystem services and disservices. Environmental Pollution 159 (2011)
    20782087.
    19

    Sample Sizes
    Crop Type

    Counts

    alfalfa

    52

    almond

    38

    cherry

    cotton

    60

    grape

    50

    lemon

    20

    npv

    238

    orange

    39

    pistachio

    22

    tangerine

    14

    20

    Future Work

    Lots of WAS cans


    On the ground map verification
    Flight plan designed to cover agricultural
    land and avoid anthropogenic sources

    21

    22

    Figure by Ariana Tribby

    Figure by Kyle Kabasares


    23

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