Sepam Protection 20 and 40

Sepam 20 and 40
Protection functions
Selection table
Series 20
07_C3213_En_protection_ind-B_04-2002.ppt
Selection table
Series 40
50/51 and 50N/51N functions

t
Series 20
4 independant elements, divided into

1 A
1 B
2 B
2 A
2 groups of 2 elements called Group A and

Group B :
Group A (1A/2A) :
Group A, elements 1 and 2
Group B (1B/2B) :
Group B, elements 1 and 2
enabling/disabling of each group
possibility to switch from one group to the
other

t
1 A
1 B
2
2 A
Series 20
Example of use Group A Group B:

Group A 1A/2A 50/51:
network supplied by generator
low short circuit power
Group B 1B/2B 50/51:
network supplied by Public Utility
high short circuit power
B
Group A and B 1A/2A 1B/2B 50N/51N
same grounding system in both
cases => same protection settings
Important : dont forget to set the 2 different
I
50N/51N protection groups
Series 20
Group A and group B active

No logic discrimination
t
1 B
2 A
1 A
2 B
I
Series 20
Without logic dicrimination :

Only group A active , or only group B active
Group A and group B active
Switching from 1 group to the other dependent on the
state of logic input I13 or by remote control command,
to protect effectively variable configuration networks.
With logic discrimination :
Group A :instantaneous ouput -> upstream blocking O3
time delayed ouput -> blocked from downstream I13
Group B : time-based discrimination, to guarantee safety.
Switching from 1 group to the other group impossible.
Switching of setting groups
Series 20
Its possible to activate group A or group B :

by input I13. The state of the input must be steady
I13=0 group A
I13=1 group B
through communication, remote commands (TC) are pulse
TC 3 group A
TC 4 group B
the selection I13 or remote command is exclusive.
Series 40
2 groups of 4 elements :
functions(1A/2A/3A/4A)
group A, elements 1, 2, 3
and 4
functions(1A/2A/3A/4A)gr
oup B, elements 1, 2, 3
and 4
enabling/disabling :
group A OR group B
possibility to switch from
one group to the other
possibility to use group
switching AND logic
discriminition
Series 40
Switching of setting groups :

by TC3 (A), TC4 (B)
by I13 ( =0 group A,
=1 group B)
logic discrimination :
free assignment of
blocking input
elements 1 and 2 have to
be set for logic
discrimination and
elements 3 and 4 have to
be set for time-based
discrimination (back up)
10
50/51 functions
Series 40
In the advanced parameters menu its possible to choose for each element
to have a confirmation of operation by using negative sequence overvoltage
protection (47) or undervoltage protection (27)
11
50N/51N functions
Series 40
The choice between Io
(measured) and Io
(calculated by the sum of
the phase currents) can be
set for each element
by mixing these 2
possibilities it allows user:
to have different
dynamic set points
to have different
applications, e.g.
line zero sequence
protection and tank
earth leakage protection
12
50/51, 50N/51N and 67N/67NC functions

Adjustable reset time
or timer hold delay
Series 20
Series 40
Definitions :
Reset time (of a protection) = time to return to the
initial state after the fault disappearance. (< 50ms)
Adjustable reset time (timer hold) = time added to the
reset time to delay the return to initial state and
bringing a memory into operation to enable the
function to be activated with intermittent faults.
13
50/51, 50N/51N and 67N/67NC functions

Adjustable reset time
or timer hold delay
Series 20
Series 40
Applications :
definite time : detection of recurrent faults in network
grounded by Petersen coil (67NC)
IDMT : to allow the relay to have the same reset time
than an electromechanical relay in order to obtain a
better discrimination (when this relay is upstream)
14
Reset characteristics
100%
tripping
time delay
I > Is
Timer hold
Tripping
time
adjustable definite time reset (timer hold)

dependent time resetting (disk)
no intentional delay on reset
15
50N/51N function - Harmonic 2 restraint Series 20

H2 restraint to ensure stability during transformer Series 40
energization.
Fixed ratio (17%)
restraint activated by parameter setting
This function has to be used only in the case of earth fault

overcurrent made by sum of 3 CT on the upstream side
of a transformer.
16
Transformer inrush current & CT saturation

10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
figure 2
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
17
IEF = Ia+Ib+Ic => unexpected trip

5
-1
-2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
figure 3
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
18
50/51V function
Series 40
Voltage-restrained phase overcurrent

protection is used in generator applications
to detect close faults that give a drop in
voltage and in short-circuit current.
Setting correction is done in accordance
with the lowest phase-to-phase voltage.
Dependant ou independant timer.
19
50BF function
Series 40
This function is designed to
detect the failure of breakers
that do not open when a
tripping order is sent.
The failure to trip is detected
by a level of current or by the
close position of the circuit
breaker after a time delay.
20
50BF function
Series 40
Example :
50/51 = inst. 40ms
output O1 = 10ms
CB = 60ms
time delay setting T :
output O1 = 10ms
CB = 60ms
overshoot time
50BF=20ms
safety margin = 20ms
==> T = 110ms
21
67 function
Series 40
2 groups of 2 elements:
Functions 1A/2A :
group A, el. 1and 2
Functions 1B/2B :
group B, el.1 and 2
enabling/disabling
group A OR group B
possibility to switch
from one group to the
other
possibility to use
group switching AND
logic discrimination
22
Protection 67
Series 40
The 67 protection is used on

incomers in // to obtain
discrimination.
The characteristic angle
setting 30, 45 ou 60 gives a
tripping half-plane for each
current.
It s possible to reverse the
detection direction : line or
busbar
In case of fault close to the
metering point the protection
Possibility to change the tripping logic : one
uses a voltage memory to
out of three phase or two out of three (case determine the direction
of two-phase fault on transformers Dy or Yd
in //)
23
Directional phase
overcurrent
V2
I1
V1
No fault
V3
feeder
feeder
51
51
P1
P1
P2
P2
P2
P2
P1
incomer
P1
incomer
U32
Both of the currents I1

are opposed
because the CT s
are opposed
V2
V1
I1
+270
67
67
51
51
V3
V2
feedert
I1
V1
P1
V3
P2
24
Directional
phase
overcurrent
Phase fault
on one line
Icc1
V2
feeder
I1
51
V1
V3
67
Both of the currents

have the same phase
because they go
through the CT s
in the same
direction P1-->P2
U32
Icc1
+45
V1
51
51
P1
P1
P2
P2
P2
P2
V2
P1
incomer
P1
incomer
I1
+270
feeder
67
67
51
51
V3
67
U32
+45
P1
P2
V1
V2
I1
V3
Icc1
25
67N/67NC function
Series 40
2 groups of 2 elements :
functions 1A/2A
group A, elements 1
and 2
functions 1A/2A group
B, elements 1
and 2
enabling/disabling :
group A OR group B
possibility to switch from one
group to the other
possibility to use group
switching AND logic
discriminition
26
67N/67NC function
Series 40
2 characteristics :
type 1 : projection
- definite time
- input Io (measured)
type 2 : according to Io
magnitude
- IDMT or definite time
- input Io (measured) or
sum of the 3 phases
possibility to mix these 2
characteristics
the tripping direction can
be set (line or busbar)
27
67N/67NC function
Series 40
Type 1 :
the protection function calculates
the projection of the residual
current Io on the characteristic line
which is fixed by the characteristic
angle o in relation to the residual
voltage and compares this value to
Iso set point.
the projection method is suitable
for resistive, isolated or
compensated neutral systems.
the function is inhibited if the
residual voltage is below Vso set
point.
28
67N/67NC function
Series 40
With compensated neutral systems :

the detection of recurrent faults
is possible by using a memory
controlled by a time delay or by
the residual voltage.
the parameter setting of the
sector is used to reduce the
protection tripping zone to ensure
its stability on fault-free feeders.
in case of Petersen coil with no
additional resistance, the
protection function uses the
transient current at the biginning
of the fault to ensure tripping
(lack of active zero sequence
current)
29
67N/67NC function
Series 40
Type 2 :
the protection function operates
like an earth fault protection
function with an added direction
criterion.
this characteristic allows a better
coordination with 50N/51N
protection functions.
this function is suitable for
closed ring distribution networks
or for incomings in parallel with
directly earthed neutral.
usual setting o = - 45
30
67N/67NC Applications
Capacitive currents
aV
N
aV
V
VT2
3
VT3
V1
V2
N
Vrsd
VT2
1
VT1
VT3
C1
C2
C3
IC3
IC2
ICT
ICT
Examples :
for 6kV, non radial cable :
for 20kV, radial cable :
V3
ICT = 3CU 3CV
ICT = 0.5 to 1.5 A/km

ICT = 2 to 5 A/km
31
67N/67NC Applications
Residual currents
3
aV
N
residual current in a
fault-free feeder :
Irsd,s = Ic fault-free
feeder
aV
2
1
ICt - ICd + IZn

ICs
Zn
Cd
Cs
ID
IZn
ICd
ICs
residual current in the

faulty feeder :
Irsd,d = Ic total - Ic
faulty feeder + I
zn
where Zn = infinite, R,
X or zero
32
67N/67NC resistive neutral
Vr
Ir = Ic
Ir
Ira
Ir
Vr
Series 40
radial networks
installation on each
feeder
Ic > ~10% I neutral
advantage of a type 1
function (projection) :
totally insensitive to
capacitive currents.
Vr
Ic
Ir
Faulted
feeder
Sound
feeder
33
67N/67NC isolated neutral
Vr
Ir = Ic
Ir
Ir
Vr
Vr
Series 40
radial networks
feeder for location
since the first fault
used for alarm or
tripping
the high sensitivity
with the CSH120 core
balance CT is the
main advantage
Ir
Faulted
feeder
Sound
feeder
34
67N/67NC compensated neutral
Vr
Ir
Irr
Ir = Ic
Ir
Ira
Ir
Vr
Vr
Faulted
feeder
Series 40
radial networks
feeder
only a type 1
protection, using
projection, is suitable
protection studied to
allow detection of
recurrent faults
(memory time)
Sound
feeder
35
67N/67NC direct neutral
Series 40
closed ring networks
installation on
incomings
advantage of a type 2
protection, Io
magnitude : easy to
coordinate with 50N/51N
Ir
Vr
-45
Vr
-45
Ir
Faulted
incoming
Vr
Ir
Sound
incoming
Ir
36
32P function
Series 40
The protection 32P is

used as active overpower
for energy management
(load shedding).
Or as reverse active
power to protect motors
running like generators
and generators running
like motors.
37
32Q function
Series 40
The 32Q protection function is

used to detect field loss on
synchronous machines
(generators or motors)
connected to the network.
38
79 function - recloser
Series 20
Series 40
Recloser is a function which recloses the circuit breaker after a tripping due to
a fugitive or semi-permanent single phase or phase-to-phase fault.
setting 1 to 4 cycles
possibility to choose the protection functions which activate the different
cycles.
time delays :
inhibition : starts when a voluntary close or trip command is given
(detection by the change of the CB position input states)
isolation : 1 per cycle. Waiting time before reclosing.
disengagement : starts when the CB is closed by the recloser
if a fault occurs during this time delay, the next reclosing
cycle is activated or a permanent trip order is given if it was
the last cycle.
If there is no fault during this time delay the recloser
reinitializes.
39
Series 20
40
Series 40
Additional functions regarding serie 20 :

67N/67NC protection functions can activate the recloser.
dead times can be extended to wait CB end of loading
it s possible to activate the recloser by the result of a logic equation
41
79 recloser - example
I (A)
Id
1 cycle
2 cycle
3 cycle
Permanent fault
In
Inst.
0.3
Inhibition
0.5
15 to 30
0.5
15 to 30
0.5
T (s)
isolation
isolation
isolation
Disengagement Disengagement
Disengagement
10s
10s
10s
10s
42
79 recloser - example
Different types of faults:
Fugitive : confirmed instantaneous tripping (35ms<t<50ms)
fast cycle (300ms) to allow the arc de-ionization.
Semi-permanent : time delayed tripping (0.5s) to avoid to trip
because of the transient currents due to the
re-energization of the load and to ensure a correct
discrimination regarding downstream protection
devices.
slow cycle (15 to 30s) to allow fault instinguishing
when there is no arc (ex: tree branch) mini 10s
charging time of CB motor.
Permanent : end of cycle.
43
79 Recloser
Series 20
Series 40
A few traps to avoid :

circuit breaker control and position are compulsory
protections inactive with regard to the recloser (external tripping
inputs included) lead to final tripping
S40 : if logic inputs of MES114 are set with standard
assignment, I24 is the end of loading mechanism
contact (=1 for end of loading). If nothing is connected
to this input, recloser closing order is then inhibited
active protections must be set with no latching, if not:
final tripping (S40 and S41 batch 1)
44
46 negative sequence current / unbalance Series 20
Motor protection function against overheating due to an unbalance supply or to

a current loss or reversing.
In the substation applications this function allows to detect low phase-to-phase
overcurrent faults or unbalanced currents.
45
46 negative sequence current / unbalance Series 40
Addition of IDMT curves
46
49 thermal overload
Series 20
Principle: heat rise calculation is based on the current consumed

(if I is constant, heat rise is equal to the square value of the
current ratio E=( I / Ib )
Cold curve: time for E to

go from 0% to trip value.
With I=Ib
Hot curve: time for E to
go from 100% to trip
value.
With I=0
47
Series 20
49 thermal overload
CB tripping
E=120%
E=100%
E= 63%
T1
E=100% when I=Ib
during an infinite time
t
Curve depending
t=Tripping time from the hot
on T2. ( I=0 )
curve(E=100%) depending on
T1 and on the value of the current
48
49 thermal overload
Accounting for ambient temperature:

Increase factor
Series 20
Example: if Tmax=70 and T ambient=50
T max 40
70 40 30
1 .5
T max Tambient 70 50 20
49
Series 20
49 thermal overload
Accounting for negative sequence current
Example: current values 0.5

g
s n 1500 1485
0.01
s
1500
Cd
2
Cn
Id
8
In
0.015>g>0.005
(from large to small motor)
k 2.
Cd
1
.
Cn Id
g .
Ib
1 2.1.
1
1 4.55
0.01.6 2
K=4.5 can be set
50
49 thermal overload
Series 20
120%
Start authorization threshold
A new start is enabled if it s possible without

tripping depending on the heat rise calculated
during the previous start.
t = start inhibition time delay
51
49 thermal overload
Series 20
2 different uses of logic input I26
Series 40 : one basis current ( Ib )for each setting group

52
49 thermal overload
Initial heat rise Eso
In red: if the cold curve is placed under

the motor curve, risk of tripping during start.
Both of the curves are moved together
Series 20
1.1
In certain motor specifications, cold and hot

curves are very close. With a normal thermal
overload protection there is a risk of bad motor
protection when it s cold or a risk of tripping
during start when it s hot
By setting Eso the cold curve of Sepam

is adjusted under the motor cold curve
without moving the sepam hot curve.
53
49 Thermal overload
Series 40
The cooling time constant T2 may be learnt according to the temperatures

measured in the equipment by temperature sensors connected to the first
MET148-2 module.
T2 is calculated every time that the equipment runs for a sufficient time
(E>70%) followed by a shutdown and temperature stabilization.
Motors and generators: RTDs 1, 2, 3 stator , 8 ambient temp.
Transformers: RTDs 1, 3, 5 primary windings , 8 ambient temp.
Once the calculation has been made, the calculated value may be used to
replace the T2 parameter automatically or manually.
54
48-51LR excessive starting time

locked rotor
Starting is detected when current goes over

10% of Ib.
Is is set lower than the value of starting
current and ST longer than normal starting
time.
Series 20
If the consumed current is higher than Is

during a time longer than ST the CB trips.
55

locked rotor
Series 20
ST
LTS
Excessive
starting time
Locked rotor
during start
If the current exceeds Is without going under

and over 10% of Ib this is a case of locked
rotor. LT must be set with a time delay shorter
than the locked rotor time given by the motor
manufacturer
To protect the motor in case of locked rotor

during starting its possible to use an
external zero speed switch relay. If the
motor speed is zero the CB trips with LTS
time delay which is shorter than ST.
56

locked rotor
Series 20
Motor re-acceleration
When the motor re-accelerates (after loss of mains, change over for
example) it consumes a current close to the starting current whithout
passing through a value less than 10% of Ib.
In that case the starting is not detected by sepam and there is a possibily
to trip on locked rotor time delay.
Its possible to reinitialize the excessive starting time protection by using
logic input I22
57
66 starts per hour
Series 20
This function picks up when the number
of starts reaches the following limits :
-Nt- maximum number of starts allowed per
period of time P (from 1 to 6 hours)
-Nh-maximum allowed number of
consecutive hot starts
-Nc-maximum allowed number of
consecutive cold starts
motor hot state : 50% heat rise (70% Ib)
T=time delay between stop and start(from 0 to 90mn)

(in documentation : time between starts)
Measurement:
- waiting time
-number of starts allowed
in case of re-acceleration its possible to

increment the number of starts by using
logic input I22 (as 48-51LR function)
58
66 starts per hour
Series 40
Use of circuit breaker closed data :
detection of starts for synchronous
motors
When a synchronous motor starts
without load, often the current
decreases lower than 10% of Ib
during a certain time. In that case
sepam counts a second start.
To avoid that problem it s possible to
take into account the closed position
of the circuit breaker.
59
66 starts per hour
Series 20
Series 40
Examples :
4 starts per day. Settings: P=6 Nt=1 Nh=1 Nc=1
6h
6h
6h
6h
blocking
blocking
blocking
blocking
24h
1 start
3 starts every 2 hours and 2 consecutive starts. Settings : P=2 Nt=3 Nh=2 Nc=2
40mn (P/Nt)
0
1 start
allowed
1 start allowed
Blocking
time
2 hot or cold
consecutive
starts
2h
Blocking time
40mn (P/Nt)
40mn (P/Nt)
1 start
allowed
2 start
allowed
60
66 starts per hour
Series 20
Series 40
Examples :
3 starts every 2 hours and 2 consecutive cold starts or 1 consecutive hot start.
Settings : P=2 Nt=3 Nh=1 Nc=2
2h
40mn (P/Nt)
1 cold or 1 hot
start allowed
Blocking time for

hot start
1cold start
0 allowed
Blocking
time
Blocking time
1 cold start
allowed
1 hot or 2 cold Sliding period 40mn

consecutive
starts
Sliding period 2 hours
1 cold start 1 hot or

2 cold
allowed
starts
allowed
61
66 starts per hour
Series 20
Series 40
Examples :
1h
8 starts per hour.

Blocking time
15mn
15mn
15mn
15mn
8 starts in 2 hours. 2 consecutive

15mn
1h
15mn
15mn
8 starts in 2 hours. 2 consecutive

5mn between stop and start
T=5mn
15mn
T
15mn
T
15mn
15mn
T
15mn
15mn
T
1h
T
15mn
62
37 undercurrent
Series 20
Series 40
Use :
protection of pumps against the
consequences of a loss of
priming.
Detection of breaking in
transmission.
Starting detection : 10% Ib

minimum setting : 15% Ib
63
Phase-to-phase undervoltage 27
phase-to-neutral undervoltage 27S
Series 20
Series 40
Use :
27 : detection of a general voltage drop : motor protection
27S : detection of 1 phase-to-earth fault : isolated neutral system
27 : information used in automated functions : changeover, load
shedding
Serie 20 : 27 and 27S protections are separate functions

Serie 40 : the choice between phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral
measurement is made by parameter setting
64
Overvoltage 59
Series 20
Series 40
Use :
detection of an abnormally high voltage
checking that there is sufficient voltage for power supply changeover
This protection function measures phase-to-phase voltage (serie 20

and serie 40) or phase-to-neutral voltage (serie 40 only)
65
Neutral voltage displacement 59N
Series 20
Series 40
Residual voltage (as residual current) depends on the grounding system

example : isolated neutral (low current, high overvoltage)
Vb
a
N
b
c
Va
V0
Vc
In case of solid fault, the voltage Va becomes zero, there is a displacement of the
neutral point and the voltages of the sound phases Vb and Vc are equal to phaseto-phase voltages.
The residual voltage is the same everywhere in the network and is equal to 3 times
the phase-to-neutral voltage.
Disadvantage : equipment must be designed for these overvoltages.
66
Series 20
Series 40
example : directly earthed neutral (strong current, no overvoltage)

Vb
a
b
N
Va
V0
Vc
In case of solid fault, at fault, the voltage Va becomes zero, there is a very
short voltage displacement, the sound phases dont change and the
residual voltage is equal to a phase-to-neutral voltage.
At source, there is a voltage Va (and then a drop in residual voltage) which
depends on the values of the link impedances between fault and source for
the faulted phase.
67
Series 20
Series 40
example : impedant neutral (earth fault current and overvoltage limitation)

N
Vb
Vb
b
c
N
Va
Va
N
Z
Voltage diagram
at source
Vc
V0
V0
Voltage diagram
at fault
Vc
In case of solid fault, at fault, the voltage diagram is the same as the isolated
neutral one. Residual voltage is equal to 3 times phase-to-neutral voltage.
At source, the displacement of the neutral point (and then the values of Vo
and the other voltages) depends on the values of the link impedances
between fault and source for the faulted phase.
68
Series 20
Series 40
Use :
generally, in isolated grounding systems on transformer incomings or
on busbar (alarm or tripping).
possibly, in the other grounding systems for back up protection.
usual setting : 10% of 3 V (30% of V)
69
Series 20
Series 40
Parameter settings :
according the measurement method : 3V, external VTs Uns/3 or Uns/3
Uns/3
20KV
Uns/3
20KV
20KV
20KV
20KV/3
/ 100V/3
0
100V
20KV/3
/ 100V/3
100V
173V
57V
57V
100V
Va
3Vns (3Uns)
Vb
V0
3Vns (Uns)
Vc
Vo = 3V = 3U
70
Positive sequence undervoltage 27D

Phase rotation direction check 47
Series 20
Series 40
Motor protection
27D : the positive sequence voltage is the exact image of the motor torque.
Consequences of a positive sequence voltage drop :
during energizing, increase in starting torque and maximum torque, then
increase in starting current (overheating, loss) and even rotor stalling.
In normal operation, increase in consumed current to maintain the power.
47 : detection of phase rotation direction (wrong connection)
protection of the load
usual settings : 75 to 80% of Un
71
Negative sequence overvoltage 47
Series 40
Negative sequence voltage is due to phase inversion, unbalanced power

supply or single or 2-phase fault.
Generally, this protection function is used to distinguish a single phase
fault or a 2-phase fault from a 3-phase fault in association with
overcurrent protections. (to reach a better discrimination)
72
Remanent undervoltage 27R
Series 20
Series 40
After a loss of power supply, motors sustain voltage on busbar.

The fast re-energizing can cause transient electrical and mechanical
phenomena.
This protection function is used to give closing authorization to power
supply changeover.
Usual setting : 20 to 25% of Un
73
Overfrequency 81H
Underfrequency 81L
Series 20
Series 40
Causes of variation in frequency :

overload of the network
wrong operation of a regulator
disconnection of generators
disconnection of large motors
Consequences :
speed variation of machines
wrong operation of synchronous receivers (recorder, clock)
increase of iron loss in magnetic circuits
74
Underfrequency 81L
Series 40
Possibility to set a minimum set point for the voltage :

from 20 to 50%of Unp
Possibility to set a restraint on frequency variation (dF/dt) :
from 1 to 15 Hz/s
Use :
to avoid tripping of sound feeders by load shedding during a strong
short-circuit near a sub-station.
to avoid tripping of all the feeders when the busbar is resupplied by
remanent motor voltage after a change-over.
75
ROCOF protection df/dt 81R

Rate Of Change Of Frequency
Series 20
Advantages of 81R
compared to 81L
Faster
fast tripping with low
frequency variations
More selective
precise setting of tripping time
protection used for fast
disconnection of a source
transmitting power into a
network when a fault occurs or
to monitor load shedding
76

Series 20
Example: load shedding

50 Hz
Speed of frequency variation: 0.4 Hz/s
49.5 Hz
Underfrequency (81L) settings: 49.5 Hz 0.1 s

the protection trips in 1.25 s + 0.1 s (time delay) = 1.35 s
df/dt (81R) settings: 0.15 Hz/s 0.5 s
the protection trips in 0.5 s
77

Series 20
Example: disconnection
50 Hz
Speed of frequency variation: 5 Hz/s
49.5 Hz
Underfrequency (81L) settings: 49.5 Hz 0.1 s
the protection trips in 0.1 s + 0.1 s (time delay) = 0.2 s
df/dt (81R) settings: 0.15 Hz/s 0.5 s
the protection trips in 0.5 s
78
Temperature monitoring 38/49T
Series 20
Series 40
Protection associated with RTD Pt100,

Ni100 ou 120 :
2 set points per sensor : alarm and
tripping
detection of RTD shorting (T<- 35C)
or RTD disconnection (T> 205C)
outputs are then inhibited
R
RTD
connection
U
r
U=rI
R
V
A
E - 2U
I
Sepam
Its better to use a 3-wire connection in

order to obtain a good accuracy. In that
case, variation in wires resistance due to
temperature is not taken into account.
The 3 wire is then used to measure the
resistance of the link.
79
Temperature monitoring
Series 20
Series 40
When the protection is activated, it detects whether the RTD is shorted or

disconnected :
RTD shorting is detected if the measured temperature is less than
-35C, displayed : ****
RTD disconnection is detected if the measured temperature is greater
than +205C, displayed : -****
a message RTD fault 1 for the 1st MET148 module or
RTD fault 2 for the 2nd module is displayed. The protection
outputs are set to zero.
Caution : contrary to Sepam 2000, RTD inputs that are not used
mustn t be short-circuited.
80

Sepam Protection 20 and 40

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Sepam Protection 20 and 40

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Sepam 20 and 40

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

4 independant elements, divided into

2 groups of 2 elements called Group A and

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

Example of use Group A Group B:

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

Group A and group B active

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

Without logic dicrimination :

Switching of setting groups

Its possible to activate group A or group B :

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

50/51 and 50N/51N functions

Switching of setting groups :

50/51, 50N/51N and 67N/67NC functions

50/51, 50N/51N and 67N/67NC functions

adjustable definite time reset (timer hold)

50N/51N function - Harmonic 2 restraint Series 20

This function has to be used only in the case of earth fault

Transformer inrush current & CT saturation

IEF = Ia+Ib+Ic => unexpected trip

Voltage-restrained phase overcurrent

The 67 protection is used on

Both of the currents I1

Both of the currents

With compensated neutral systems :

ICT = 3CU 3CV

ICT = 0.5 to 1.5 A/km

ICt - ICd + IZn

residual current in the

67N/67NC resistive neutral

67N/67NC isolated neutral

67N/67NC compensated neutral

67N/67NC direct neutral

The protection 32P is

The 32Q protection function is

Additional functions regarding serie 20 :

A few traps to avoid :

46 negative sequence current / unbalance Series 20

Motor protection function against overheating due to an unbalance supply or to

46 negative sequence current / unbalance Series 40

Addition of IDMT curves

Principle: heat rise calculation is based on the current consumed

Cold curve: time for E to

Accounting for ambient temperature:

Example: if Tmax=70 and T ambient=50

Example: current values 0.5

(from large to small motor)

K=4.5 can be set

Start authorization threshold

A new start is enabled if it s possible without

t = start inhibition time delay

2 different uses of logic input I26

Series 40 : one basis current ( Ib )for each setting group

Initial heat rise Eso

In red: if the cold curve is placed under

In certain motor specifications, cold and hot

By setting Eso the cold curve of Sepam

The cooling time constant T2 may be learnt according to the temperatures

48-51LR excessive starting time

Starting is detected when current goes over

If the consumed current is higher than Is

48-51LR excessive starting time