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8. Impede C and
phagocytosis
Targets for Ab
2. Lysosomal enzymes
Asterisk (*) are recognized by the innate immune
system as a non-specific danger signal
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2005 Elsevier
Neutralizing antibody
is protective
The first lines of defense do not need antigen recognition: skin, epithelial
surfaces, fatty acid, ciliary action in trachea, low pH in stomach and vagina.
Commensals limits pathogen invasion
1
2
Acute
phase
response
4. release
3. transfer to
II
TLR4
TLR4
III
1. Inflammation
2. Activation of clotting system, fibrin formation
= innate
1. Recognition
molecules in blood
2.Alternative
5. PAMPs
8
6. Recognition
receptors on cells
i.e., TLRs
Alternative
complement
pathway only
PAMPs
LPS : TLR4
Flagellin : TLR5
LP/PG : TLR2/1/6
Complement
components
Complement-fixing antibody:
IgM > IgG3 > IgG1
Bacterial components
Oxygen independent
Defensins
Acidification of phagosomes
Lysosome
Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin
In lymph nodes
TLRs
Direct cell contact
High
IL-12 low
High IL-10
and TGF
Th2
Treg
In site of infection
FasL -Fas
(Mtb
)
MHC class I
CD1-restricted T cells
Recognize glycolipids
Presented by CD1 (non-polymorphic homologs of MHC
class I) on DC
1. Toxins
inhibit
chemotaxis
2. Capsule repel
attachment
8. Resident in
cytoplasma
5. Resistant coating
6. LAM blocks
IFN signal
7. Block antigen
presentation
(a
)
(3
)
(c
)
(2
)
(1
)
O antigen on
LPS
shedding
Sialic acid
Factor H and I
Smooth surface of G(-)
Resist
insertion
2005 Elsevier
Endotoxin shock
Schwartzman reaction
Koch phenomenon
Superantigens induce massive cytokine
release
Superantigens
of G(+) bacteria
G(-)
bacteria
(1)
(2
)
(hemorrhagic rash)
Systemic infection
Extracellular
Intracellular