Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Organizational Culture
Artifacts symbols
of
s
culture in the physical
and social work environment
Values
Espoused: what members of
an organization say they value
Enacted: reflected in the way
individuals actually behave
Levels of
Organizational
Culture
Artifacts symbols
of
s
culture in the physical
and social work environment
Organizational
Culture
Visible, often not
decipherable
Values
Espoused: what members of
an organization say they value
Enacted: reflected in the way
individuals actually behave
Greater level
of awareness
Types of Artifacts
Personal Enactment
Ceremonies and Rites
Stories
Rituals
Symbols
Understanding
Organizational Culture
Antecedents
Founders values
Industry &
business
environment
National culture
Senior leaders
vision and
behavior
Organizational
Culture
Observable
artifacts
Espoused values
Basic
assumptions
Organizationa
l Outcomes
Effectiveness
Innovation &
stress
Organizationa
l Structure &
Practices
Group &
Social
Processes
Socialization
Reward
systems
Mentoring
Decision
making
Organizational
design
Collective
Attitudes &
Behavior
Work attitudes
Job
satisfaction
Motivation
Group
dynamics
Communication
Influence &
empowerment
Leadership
Types of Cultures
Constructive
Passive-defensive
Aggressive-defensive
Constructive Culture
Normative
Beliefs
Organizational
Characteristics
Achievement
Selfactualizing
Value self-development
and creativity
Humanisticencouraging
Affiliative
Participative, employee
centered, and
supportive
High priority on constructive
interpersonal relationships, and focus
on work group satisfaction
Organizational
Characteristics
Approval
Conventional
Conservative,
bureaucratic, and
people follow the rules
Nonparticipative, centralized decision
making, and employees do what they
are told
Negative reward system and Defensive
avoid accountability
Dependent
Avoidance
Aggressive-Defensive
Culture
Normative
Beliefs
Organizational
Characteristics
Oppositional
Confrontation and
negativism rewarded
Power
Nonparticipative, take
charge of Defensive
subordinates, and
responsive to superiors
Winning is values and a
win-lose approach is
used
Perfectionistic, persistent, and hard
working
Competitive
Perfectionistic
Organizational Culture
Research Suggests:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Strong Culture
BECAUSE
Fit Perspective
a culture is good only if it fits the
industry or the firms strategy
Fit Perspective
Three particular industry
characteristics affect culture:
1.Competitive environment
2.Customer requirements
3.Societal expectations
Adaptive Culture
an organizational culture that
encourages confidence and risk taking
among employees, has leadership that
produces change, and focuses on the
changing needs of customers
Organizational Socialization
Phase
1: Anticipatory
Phase
2: Encounter
Phase
Organizational Socialization
Perceptual and
Social Processes
Phases
1) Anticipatory
socialization
learning that
occurs prior to
joining the
organization
Anticipating realities
about the organization
and the new job
Anticipating
organizations needs for
ones skills and abilities
Anticipating
organizations sensitivity
to ones needs and
values
Organizational Socialization
Perceptual and
Social Processes
Phases
2) Encounter values,
skills, and
attitudes start to
shift as new
recruit discovers
what the
organization is
truly like
Organizational Socialization
Perceptual and
Social Processes
Phases
3) Change and
acquisition recruit
masters skills and
roles and adjusts
to work groups
values and norms
Outcomes of Socialization
Newcomers who are successfully
socialized should exhibit:
Good
performance
High job satisfaction
Intention to stay with organization
Low levels of distress symptoms
High level of organizational commitment
Formal/public statements
Physical Layout
Slogans, co. lingo
Mentoring, modeling
Explicit rewards, promotion criteria
Stories, legends, myths
Processes and outcomes, measurement
Workflow and systems
Mentoring
Outcomes
for Mentees
Outcomes for Mentors
Outcomes for Organizations
Maintaining the Culture
Functions of Mentoring
Career Functions
Sponsorship
Exposure-and-Visibility
Coaching
Protection
Challenging Assignments
Psychological Functions
Role Modeling
Acceptance-andConfirmation
Counseling
Friendship
Questions on Culture