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sole proprietorships,
and corporations .
partnerships,
Business Organizations
22 Million businesses
Sole Proprietorships
72%-over 16 million
Partnerships
8% - 1.5 million
Lets start
a dance
company.
Corporations
20% - 4 million
Corporations
20%
Partnerships
8%
Sole
Proprietorships
72%
Farmer
Corporations
84%
Partnerships 11%
Sole Proprietorship 5%
Business Failures
4 Partnership - business
operated by 2 or more people.
partners join as an
investment (and thus have limited liability-just the
investment, not the property). He is a silent partner.
Lets say your silent partner puts up $30,000 to insure the loan.
I gave $30,000 as a silent partner,
so I dont have to do anything.
Advantages of Partnerships
[Two heads are better than one.]
Two Heads
better than
One Head
different partners.
A. Sharing of losses. Can borrow more and can sustain
heavier losses.
B. Easy to form. Small amount of money to start & operate.
C. Shared decision making more informed decisions.
D. Personal satisfaction sense of accomplishment.
Distribution of Partnerships
Based on Annual Sales & Industry
8.
Disadvantages of Partnerships
Take That!
Harold Nodoe
Gloria Poor
Jack Rich
Largest Employers
Sears Holding
General Motors
McDs
UPS
IBM
GE
400,000
386,000
364,000
359,000
316,000
313,000
Wal-Mart example
Wal-Marts IPO was in 1972. 300,000 shares
were sold at $16.50 per share.
share
The stock has split 11 times (2 for 1 splits)
splits since
then last split was in 1999.
If you purchased 100 shares of Wal-Mart on the day
of the IPO you would have spent $1,650.
$1,650
Today you would have 204,000 shares of stock.
stock
Today current value of your shares would be
$11,044,560 (stock closed at $54.14 yesterday).
Each quarter you would be receiving a check for
$136,680 (at current dividend of .67).
.67 Annual
income for dividends alone would be $546,720!
$546,720
Corporate Trivia
A corporation can be sued but the people who own the
corporation (stockholders)
stockholders can not be sued.
sued
A corporation has potentially perpetual life.
life
1.) Nearly all large companies are corporations.
corporations
2.) Nearly all corporations are small companies.
companies
3.) Therefore, a small minority of corporations constitute
nearly all the large companies.
companies
In other words, of 4 million corporations,
corporations about 2,000 are
large companies,
companies and these 2,000 large corporations
constitute the vast majority of the nations large companies.
companies
Also, the 15% of corporations that do more than $1 million
in sales take in in 85% of the receipts of corporations.
corporations
Wal-Mart
1,350,000
McDonalds 418,000
Sears Holding 400,000
UPS
355,000
Ford
327,500
GM
325,000
GM
Ford
GE
IT&T
853,000
495,000
405,000
368,000
IBM
337,000
14 Stockholders (owners)
owners and bondholders (lenders)
enders
For companies, stocks and bonds are 2 ways to raise
money. For consumers, they are a way to earn money.
15 Common stock (owners are voters)
voters gives a voice in how
the corporation is run and a share in variable dividends
high dividends if profits are high. The Board of Directors
may wish to withhold all dividends if the money is needed
for plant expansion or payment on debts. Because they can
vote, they determine how a corporation is managed. They
get one vote for every share they own.
In a good year, they will receive a higher dividend than
preferred stockholders. (Preferred stock dividends are
fixed, common stock is not, so they are taking more risk.
Preferred Stock (non-voters)
non-voters guaranteed dividends that are
paid from profits before the company pays any dividends
on common stock.
If the company is unable to pay this fixed dividend in full,
it makes up the difference when the companys profits
increase. They are like a silent partner because they can
not vote and have no say in how the business is run.
Disadvantages of a Corporation
Disadvantages from the stockholders point of view.
view
1. When stockholders earn a profit, they feel no great sense
of pride.
kangaroo market.
10-19-87
508 points
24% drop
in one day
Date
Decline
% Decline
10/19/87
508 points
24%
10/28/29
38 points
13%
10/29/29
31 points
12%
11/26/29
26 points
10%
12/18/1899
6 points
8%
8/12/32
6 points
8%
3/14/07
7 points
8%
10/26/87
156 points
8%
7/21/33
8 points
8%
10/18/37
11 points
8%
2/01/17
7 points
7%
10/27/97
554 points
7%
[$700 billion lost in one day]
4/14/2000
661 points
6%
3/2000-2/2003 $7.7 trillion was lost
[Market value was worth $17 trillion]
trillion
Unlimited Liability
Ease of Formation
Lack of Continuity
Difficulty
Raising Money
Single Taxation
Reliance On
One Person
Disadvantages
Unlimited Liability
Lack of Continuity
Ownership
Ease of Formation
Transfer Difficult
Single Taxation
Possibility of
Conflict
Advantages/Disadvantages of Corporations
Advantages
Limited Liability
Disadvantages
Stockholder Revolts
Continuity
Greater likelihood of
professional Management
Chrysler
American Motors
Chrysler
Standard Oil Trust: John D. Rockefeller had become rich during the Civil War
supplying grain and meat, but he realized the potential the discovery of oil would
bring about.
In 1863, he built a refinery in Ohio which brought in quick profits
In 1870,
1870 he and some associates formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio.
Ohio
Because Rockefeller had no need for storage and insurance fees, he negotiated
with the railroad for refunds which allowed him to reduce the cost of oil,
underselling his competitors
When Rockefeller had enough capital, he intended to buy out his competitors
refineries (horizontal consolidation),
consolidation but most state laws prevented one company
from buying stock in another
Rockefellers lawyer, Samuel Dodd, found a loophole
In 1882, the owners of
Standard Oil and the allied
companies would combine
their operations.
Companies would turn over
their assets to 9 trustees and
in turn would get a share of
the profits
This new type of monopoly
would be called a trust
comprising 40 companies
B Vertical Combinations
Examples
1. Oil fields
2. Refineries, and
3. Retail gasoline
stations
companies that have not been required to abandon their corporate identity.
Tobacco Products
Distilled Spirits
23 Advantages of Franchises
24 Disadvantages of Franchises