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Mesopotamia

Chinese
Dynasties

India

12 Tribes of
Israel

Ancient Civilizations
WH 2015
Ms. Corbett

Topic: Political and Social Advancements of


Ancient Middle-Eastern and Asian Civilizations

Essential Question: Examine and


explain characteristics Draw political
and social connections between
Ancient Civilization(s).

Content Vocabulary

Civilization
Patriarchal
Matriarchal
Monotheistic
Polytheistic
Code
Prophet
Caste System
Covenant
Tyrant

THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF MESOPOTAMIA, CHINA AND INDIA, AS WELL


AS THE 12 TRIBES OF ISRAEL ARE THE OLDEST CIVILIZATION THROUGHOUT
EUROPE, AFRICA, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND ASIA AND ORIGINATED C. 1500 B.C.
THESE CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTED TO THE FOUNDATION OF FUTURE
GOVERNMENTS, RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHIES, AS WELL AS CULTURE, IN
WESTERN EUROPE FROM THE ANCIENT TO MODERN PERIODS OF HISTORY.

EVENTUALLY THESE CONTRIBUTIONS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF


AMERICAN CULTURE.

What is a Civilization?

Civilization/ Society

A civilization is a society that consists of an advanced political, economic and social


system that consists of the following sub- categories:

Political:

An advanced
government
system
Laws, courts
Contracts
Leaders(mon
archs,
Dictators,
Presidents,
senator,
Governor,
Representati
ves )

Economic:

Type(s) of
economic
systems
Forms of
businesses
Taxes, trade,
money,
workers,

Social:

Types of
religion
Social
classes/pyrami
d
Language
Technology
Arts
Intellectual/
philosophies
Self
Expression

All three categories interact and are dependent on each other in order to establish a
complex civilization.

Mesopotamia

Militaristic leader
Dictator
Conquered and enslaved
foreigners
Architecturally advanced
Society
No democracy

Ancient Middle-Eastern Civilizations

Major Contribution:
Characteristics of Civilization:

1st recorded civilization


3000 b.c.e
Patriarchal: society ruled by men
People are referred to as Sumerians
Militaristic Society
Social Classes
Located in flat desert
Multiple CIVILIZATIONS FIGHT

VERY VULNERABLE AND EASY TO


CONQUER

Form of Government:

Hammurabi : Tyrant

Hammurabis Code
First Recorded set of laws
Strict Penalties
Penalties for same crime
differed due to social
status/class
Eye for and Eye (philosophy)
Strict justice kept order and
enabled
Hammurabi to remain in control
through fear.

Importance: First
Code/Contract that

India
Characteristics of Civilization:
Located in the Indus River Valley
Emerged around 3000 b.c.e. during
the same period as Mesopotamia
Advance, well planned cities
Conflicting leadership and agricultural
crisis brought an end to civilization
by 1500 b.c.e.
Historical Debate of
Taken over by the Aryans, an

Note:
What type of Social

pyramid will

extremely militaristic civ.


and USA

Major Social Contribution(s) :


Caste System: organizing society into levels/
Classes due to birth. Generations of families
Remain in their designated level and never
have social mobility.

Be used in Europe

India
Major Social Contribution(s) :

Spiritual/ Social Philosophies

Hinduism
Supports Caste
System
Spiritual philosophy
that
promoted upper
class
Pacifist
Reincarnation
Multiple lives
Karma
Many rituals
Social discrimination
resulted in the
establishment of
Buddhism

Buddhism
Dominates Asian
cultures today such as
Japan and China
Siddhartha
Gautama(Buddha)
Founder
Rejected caste system
Focused on
individuals
Live moral lives
Avoid violence/pacifist

China
Characteristics(P/S):
One of the worlds oldest civilizations
Very conservative culture
Moving towards super power status today

Dynasties(Empires) are defined by family Lineage 1 st Dynasties was referred to as the Shang
Dynasty, followed by the Zhou Dyna sty

Han Dynasty, very advanced, territorial expansion


Qing Dynasty: Last 1650c.-1920c.
Overthrown during Communist Revolution of the 20 th century
Major belief in ancestors
Patriarchal
Major Philosophical Contribution:
Confucianism
Founded by philosopher Confucius
Confucianism is technically not a religion. But it does share the Christian approach of
loving others. In fact, that is the foundation of the philosophy.Confucianismis based
entirely on kindness, mutual respect and an appreciation for character virtues. It is
founded on the belief that society can flourish only when people learn to interact
positively with each other. Believed that ppl were good

12 Tribes of Israel
Cultural Characteristics:
Emerged around 1200 bce
Semitic-speaking ppl
Controlled region referred to as Palestine; established Jerusalem as
capitol.
Territory is a major debate today- Jews and Muslims believe that the
territory of Palestine and Israel belong to their specific cultures
Lead By Solomon- upon his death, Israelites were conquered, survivors
were identified as Jews.
Was a nationless culture until the establishment of Israel, after WWII
Religious Contributions:
First Monotheistic faith
God (Yaweh) made a covenant, or contract with his people- ex. Ten
Commandments- Book( Torah; which is the Old Testament of the Bible)
Prophets; were teachers of Gods word; Moses, Jesus
Resulted in the emergence of Christianity - Judeo-Christian

Further Discussion: Draw connections between political


and social characteristics of the previously identified
Ancient Civilization(s). Explain how these themes/
characteristics influenced future civilizations such as
Rome, England or even the United States?

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