RESEARCH PROCESS

By: Sadia Khurram

Research and Process

RESEARCH
A
SYSTEMATIZED EFFORT TO GAIN
NEW KNOWLEDGE
RED MAN & MORY

PROCESS
PROCESS
INCLUDES STEPS FOLLOWED TO DO
A PARTICULAR RESEARCH

Thus.
RESEARCH PROCESS CONSIST OF
SERIES OF ACTION OR STEPS
NECESSARY TO EFFECTIVELY CARRY
OUT RESEARCH AND DESIRED
SEQUENCING OF THESE STEPS.

STEPS IN RESEARCH
PROCESS
In a research study the researcher
progresses in a logical sequence of the
pre-determined steps.

PHASES OF RESEARCH
PROCESS
I. The conceptual phase.
II. Design & Planning phase.
III.The empirical phase.
IV.The Analytical phase.
V. The Dissemination phase.

7 STEPS OF RESEARCH
PROCESS

Step One: Define research problem

Step Two: Review of literature
Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
Step Four: Preparing the research design
Step Five: Data collection
Step Six: Data analysis
Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

RESEARCH PROCESS
IN FLOW CHART
2
REVIEW THE
LITERATURE

1
DEFINE
RESEARCH
PROBLEM

3
FORMULATE
HYPOTHES

REVIEW CONCEPT
&THEORIES

DESIGN
RESEARCH

REVIEW PREVIOUS
RESEARCH FINDINGS
5

COLLECT
DATA

ANALYSIS DATA
(TEST HYPOTHESES
IF ANY)

INTERPRET
AND REPORT

The Research Process

Step One: Define the Problem
The research process begins with the recognition of a
problem or opportunity.
At the very outset the researcher must single out the
problem he wants to study, i.e to decide area of interest.
There are two steps involved in research process :
Understanding the problem thoroughly
And rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an
analytical point of view
The best way of understanding the problem is to discuss
it with ones own colleagues or with those having the
same expertise in the matter.
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The Research Process Cont

Step2:Extensive Literature Survey

It is necessary for the researcher to conduct an

extensive survey connected with the problem.
For this purpose
Manuals
Company Records
journals ,published data can be used.
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Step Three: Formulation the objective

Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your
study.
They inform a reader what you want to attain through the
study.
It is extremely important to word them clearly and
specifically.
Objectives should be listed under two headings:
a) main objectives ( aims);
b) sub-objectives.
The main objective is an overall statement of the thrust
of your study.
It is also a statement of the main associations and
relationships that you seek to discover or establish.
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The Research Process

Step Four: Determine Research Design
Research Design step involves the development of a
research plan for carrying out the study.
There are a number of alternative research designs.
The choice will largely depend on the research
purpose.
Types Of Research Design

Exploratory

Causal

Descriptive

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Research Process Cont

Step 5: Collecting The Data
Published data are available in:
Publications of central, state and local newspapers
Publication of foreign government or of international bodies
Technical or trade journals
Books, magazines and newspaper and Internet
Public record and statistics, historical documents and sources of
public information.
Methods of Data Collection
Personal Interview
Questionnaire
Telephonic Interview
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The Research Process Cont

Step6:Analysis Of Data

The Analyses of data can of two types:

Quantitative analysis
Qualitative analysis
Thus analysis of data require a number of closely
related operations such as establishment of categories, the
application of these categories into raw data through
tabulation, chart and then draw inferences.
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The Research Process Cont

Step 7: Prepare & Present the Final Research Report
Findings are presented often by research ,objective should
be in clear and concise way
It is a report that communicates properly and result to the
audience

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END