Your Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Engage
As a class visit IQ Test Labs at

www.intelligencetest.com/reflex/index.htm
Select various students to come to the computer
and test their skills on the different reflex/reaction
tests. This website states that scientific tests have
shown that reaction times to simple tasks have
high correlations with g the general intelligence
factor. Students should have fun attempting these
reaction time games.

Explore
Muscle

Messages

Explain

Section 35-3

The Nervous
System
is divided into
Central nervous
system

Peripheral
nervous system
Motor
nerves

which consists of

that make up
Somatic nervous
system

Autonomic
nervous system
which is divided into
Sympathetic
nervous system

Parasympathetic
nervous system

Sensory
nerves

PNS

1.

NERVES that connect the central

nervous system to the rest of the body
Motor Division impulses from CNS to
muscles or glands

Two Parts:

2.

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory Division transmits impulses

from sense organs to CNS

Motor Division
PNS

Somatic Nervous System

Controls

voluntary movement of the

skeletal muscles

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary actions

Subdivided into two system that have

opposite effects on the same organs:
1.

Parasympathetic decreases heart rate

2.

Controls internal organs during normal activity

Sympathetic increases heart rate

Controls internal organs during high stress activity

Sensory Division
PNS

Sensory Receptors
WRITE INFO ON CONCEPT MAP

5 categories

1. Pain Receptors
Throughout

body; except brain

Respond to chemical released by
damaged cells
Important to recognize
Danger
Injury
Disease

2. Thermoreceptors
In

skin, body core, hypothalamus

Detect variations in body temperature

3. Mechanoreceptors
Skin,

skeletal muscle, and inner ears

Sensitive to
Touch
Pressure
Stretching
Sound
motion

of muscles

4. Chemoreceptors
Nose

and Tongue

Chemical

in external environment

Figure 35-14 The Eye

Section 35-4
Vitreous humor

Muscle
Lens
Fovea

Aqueous humor
Cornea
Pupil

Optic nerve

Iris
Blood vessels
Ligaments
Retina

Choroid

Sclera

5. Photoreceptors
Eyes
Sensitive

DO

to Light

NOT WRITE NEXT INFO IT IS ON

YOUR SHEET

Cornea

Tiny muscles regulate the size

Regulates amount of light

Lens

Back of cornea
Colored part of eye

Pupil

Helps focus light

Filled with aqueous humor

Iris

Vision

Small muscles change its shape to focus on object near and far
away
Behind lens eye filled with vitreous humor

Retina

Has photoreceptors
No photoreceptors where optic nerve passes through the back
of the eye; blind spot
Two types
1.
2.

Rods black and white

Cones color

Pathway for Vision Reception

Light
cornea
iris

and pupil
lens
Retina to photoreceptors
Rods
Cones

Optic
Brain

Fovea

Nerve

Figure 35-15 The Ear

Section 35-4

Hammer

Anvil Stirrup

Oval
window
Semicircular canals
Cochlear nerve

Cochlea

Bone
Auditory canal
Tympanum

Round window

Eustachian tube

Hearing and Balance

Ear
Two

Functions

Hearing
Detecting

Positional change to movement

Hearing

Sound air vibrations

Auditory canal funnels air to tympanum (ear drum)
Tymapnum vibrates
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup- vibrate and transmit vibrations
to oval window
Cochlea filled with fluid and vibrations create pressure
waves in the inner ear
Tiny hairs respond to waves and send messages to brain
via the cochlear nerve

Balance
Semicircular
3

Canals

canals that form half circles

Filled with fluid and hairs that detect motion of
head in relation to gravity

Figure 35-15 The Ear

Section 35-4

Hammer

Anvil Stirrup

Oval
window
Semicircular canals
Cochlear nerve

Cochlea

Bone
Auditory canal
Tympanum

Round window

Eustachian tube

Smell and Taste

Chemoreceptors

pick up chemical
reception in nose and mouth
Smell olfactory bulb
Taste taste buds
Salty
Bitter
Sour
Sweet

The Senses of Smell and Taste

Section 35-4
Olfactory
(smell) bulb
Taste
sensory
area

Olfactory
nerve

Thalamus

Cerebral cortex

Smell
receptor
Nasal cavity

Smell
sensory area
Taste bud

Taste
pore
Taste
receptor

Sensory
nerve fibers

Touch and Related Senses

Largest

sense organ?

SKIN

Sensory

Receptors

Temperature
Touch
Pain

Greatest
Fingers
Toes
Face

density of touch receptors

Concept Map
Section 35-3
The Nervous
System
is divided into
Central nervous
system

Peripheral
nervous system
Motor
nerves

which consists of

that make up
Somatic nervous
system

Autonomic
nervous system
which is divided into
Sympathetic
nervous system

Parasympathetic
nervous system

Sensory
nerves

Elaborate
Reflex Arc

Lab