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INTER VEHICLE

COMMUNICATION

R.S.M.N.PRASAD.
RAJESWARI.

OUTLOOK
Introduction
Motivation
Overview of Smart Vehicle
Architecture
Types of Communication
Classes of Information and Information Parameters
Types of IVC
Challenges ,Real Time Applications and Attacks
Security Architecture
Advantages
Disadvantages
Real Time Examples
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

What is Inter Vehicle Communication?


Communication among drivers and vehicles in Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS)
Communication conducted between onboard information
equipment
IVC enables the service of exchange and distribution of
data

MOTIVATION
Study shows - About 60% roadway collisions could be
avoided if the operator of the vehicle was provided
warning at least one-half second prior to a collision
Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year on the
European Unions roads, with around 1.7 million people
incurring critical injuries.
The annual costs associated with traffic accidents total
nearly 3 percent of the worlds gross domestic product
(GDP), or roughly US$1 trillion.
Number of vehicles is increasing faster than the number of
roads, leading to frequent traffic jams.
Constraints of human drivers perception

Line-of-sight limitation of brake light

Large processing/forwarding delay for emergency


events.

STATISTICS
Cars

Trucks
(class 7, 8)

On-road population

231 million

3.5 million

Annual New Vehicle Sales

16 million

260, 000

Annual VMT

8,400

63,000

Total Fatalities

37,446

4,390

Total Injuries

2,672,000

116,000

Estimated Total cost of


crashes

$188 billion

$30 billion

OVERVIEW OF SMART VEHICLE


E v e n t d a ta rec o r d er (E D R )
F orw ard rad ar

P o sitio n in g sy s te m
C o m m u n ic a tio n
fa c ility

R ear radar
D is p la y

C o m p u tin g p la tfo r m

TERMS

EDR

used in vehicles to register all important parameters such as velocity,


acceleration, etc. especially during abnormal situations, such as accidents
This data is used for reconstruction.

Forward radar

Used to detect any forward obstacles as far as 200 meters

Positioning System

Used to locate vehicles


Accuracy can be improved by knowledge of road topology

Computing platform

Inputs from various components is used to generate useful information

PICTORIAL VIEW

FLOWCHART OF IVC

ARCHITECTURE

KEY COMPONENTS
On-board Equipment (OBE):
human machine interface
vehicle interfaces, (to on-board networks)
Applications, memory and processing
positioning, (GPS and dead-reckoning system)
communications functions (radio, antenna, etc)
Roadside Equipment (RSE):
access nodes positioned along highways, at traffic intersections
and
other locations
includes a DSRC radio, GPS, processor, and router to send messages
back through the IVC Network
Network:
The IVC Network interconnects the road-side RSEs, network services,
and the network end-users

GENERAL VIEW

The Vehicle
as a part of
the Network
Vehicle to Infrastructure to Vehicle Communication

Center for Information Processing


Vehicle to Vehicle Communication

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
It demonstrates properties of both peer-to-peer network and
mobile ad-hoc network.
In Peer-to-peer systems participants rely on another for service
rather than solely relying on a dedicated and centralized
infrastructure
A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile hosts with
wireless communication capabilities forming temporary network.

Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication


Information is available from roadside sources
uses 63 GHz band
Ex- Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
allows for electronic payment of highway tolls
communication is traditionally via microwave or infrared
techniques, more recently through GPS technology
an electronic monetary transaction occurs between a vehicle
passing through a toll station and the toll agency

TECHNOLOGIES
Broadcasting Technologies:
I2V: RDS/TMC, DAB, DVB, DVB-H, S-DMB, T-DMB

Short Range:
I2V: DSRC
V2V: DSRC, UWB/SRR

Long Range:
V2I/I2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi, WiMAX
V2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi

In-Vehicle Systems:
Bluetooth, ZigBee

ACTIVE COLLISION WARNING /AVOIDANCE


SYSTEM
By continuing with the passive safety technologies, it will be difficult
to reduce crash costs
Thus people have started developing active safety features in order
to reduce costs
The introduction of automotive collision warning/ avoidance
systems represents the next significant leap in vehicle safety
technology
Automotive collision warning systems try to warn drivers of an
impending collision event. Allowing driver little bit extra time to
react
If the collision warning systems are built in conjunction with drive by
wire technology, then the system could try to automatically
maneuver the vehicle in order to avoid an impending collision

VEHICLES PARAMETER
There are two types of parameters: Static and Dynamic
Static Parameters:
The static parameter indicates the size of the vehicle and the
location of its GPS receiver within itself.

Dynamic Parameters:
The dynamic parameters are vehicles position (Xn,Yn),
speed
acceleration, direction and the status of the brakes, steering
wheel, gas paddle, turn signal etc.

CLASSES OF INFORMATION
Movement Related speed, velocity, acceleration, etc

Traffic Related number of vehicles, traffic volume, density,


congestion

Passenger Related weather related information,

MOVEMENT RELATED WIRELESS


TECHNOLOGY

Technologies Used: Magnetic Nails


Magnetic Tape
Live wires
Radar for imaging
Car to car communication
Infrastructure to car communication

TRAFFIC RELATED WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Infrastructure Based:-

Adjusting traffic flow


Operation on individual vehicle

Vehicle Based:-

Automated Collection
Providing Warnings

PASSENGER RELATED WIRELESS


TECHNOLOGY
Providing Information to passengers
Weather
Traffic
General News

Interaction with passengers


Web access
Routing, food/hotel/fuel inquiries
Access to special services.

OPEN PROBLEMS
Data Verification:- can be achieved by data
correlation mechanism but such mechanisms are in
design stage
Secure Routing:- In vehicular networking messages
need to be delivered to specific areas for example:in the case of traffic jam queue, this can be
achieved by position based routing protocols but
none of the solution is secure
DoS Resillience:- DoS and jamming problems can
not be completely solve by frequency hopping

CHALLENGES IN IVC
Liability Vs Privacy:- Accountability and liability of the
vehicles is required and context specific information such as
coordinates, time intervals should be possible to extract but
such requirements raise privacy concerns
Real Time Communication:- Driver assistance applications
are time sensitive therefore security protocols should
impose low processing overhead
Vehicular Network Scale:- With roughly billion vehicles,
the design of a facility that provides cryptographic keys is
big challenge

PRIVACY:-WITH VEHICULAR NETWORKS DEPLOYED,


THE COLLECTION OF VEHICLE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
FROM OVERHEAD VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS
WILL BECOME PARTICULARLY EASY

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS


FleetNet:- The Internet on the road project was set up by
six companies and three universities in order to promote
the development of inter vehicular communication
CarTALK:- Focused on developing new driver assistance systems
which are based on inter vehicle communication for safe
and comfortable driving
Network On Wheels (NOW):- The main objectives of NOW are to
solve technical key questions on the communication
protocols and data security for car to car communication
Advance Driver Assistant System In Europe (ADASE):- ADASE
project has a mission to increase the road and traffic safety in
Europe by avoiding collisions before they occur

APPLICATION OF IVC
Information and Warning Functions:Dissemination of road information to vehicles distant from the
subjected site
Communication based longitudinal control:Exploiting the look through capacity to avoid accidents, platooning
vehicles etc.
Co-operative Assistant Systems:Coordinating vehicles at critical points
Added Value Applications:Internet Access, Location based services, Multiplayer games

PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE

Security services
Positioning
Confidentiality
Privacy
...

Shared session key


PKI

CA

PA

PB

SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OF IVC

ADVANTAGES:-

Stop And Go Adaptive Cruise Control


Co-operative Driving
Hazard Warning
Merging and Lane Changing Warning
Inter/Intra Platoon Communication

STOP AND GO ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

Taking over automatic braking and driving when vehicles are in traffic jam

CO-OPERATIVE DRIVING

Co-operative driving exchanges respective data such as position velocity etc

HAZARD WARNING

includes obstacle warning, stopped vehicle warning and slowing down warning

MERGING AND LANE CHANGING WARNING

Safe and smooth lane change and merging with communication

INTER/INTRA PLATOON COMMUNICATION

Ad-hoc communication between vehicles

DISADVANTAGES:-

Bogus Traffic Information


Disruption of Network Operation
Cheating with Identity, Position or Speed
Jamming
Forgery

BOGUS TRAFFIC INFORMATION


Traffic
jam
ahead

DISRUPTION OF NETWORK OPERATION

SLOW
DOWN

The way
is clear

CHEATING WITH IDENTITY, POSITION OR SPEED


I was not
there!

JAMMING:- THE JAMMER DELIBERATELY


GENERATES INTERFERING
TRANSMISSIONS THAT PREVENTS
COMMUNICATION

FORGERY:- FAST CONTAMINATION OF


LARGE PORTIONS OF THE VEHICULAR
NETWORK COVERAGE AREA WITH FALSE
INFORMATION

CONCLUSION

Design of communication protocols in IVC is extremely


challenging
Protocols have potential to support many new innovative
applications
These technologies can greatly enhance the infotainment, safety,
comfort, communication and convenience value of new vehicles.
As vehicles become smarter, security and privacy gain
importance

THANK YOU

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