Scribd Logo
Încărcați

Bine ați venit la Scribd!

  • Acute Leukemia: Angeline Abraham Aleena Sara Matthew

    Încărcat de

    inny
    7 vizualizări17 pagini
    Acute leukemia arises from abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, disrupting normal marrow function and causing marrow failure. There are two main subtypes: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common childhood malignancy; and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ALL incidence is 3-4 cases per 100,000 children under 15 years old, more common in boys. Risk factors include genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and environmental exposures like radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Treatment involves risk-stratified induction, CNS prophylaxis, intensification therapy, and maintenance therapy for an average of 2-2.5 years. Prognosis is 80% long-term survival in developed

    Descriere originală:

    cool

    Titlu original

    Acute Leukemia

    Drepturi de autor

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formate disponibile

    PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd

    Vi se pare util acest document?

    Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

    Raportați acest document
    Acute leukemia arises from abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, disrupting normal marrow function and causing marrow failure. There are two main subtypes: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common childhood malignancy; and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ALL incidence is 3-4 cases per 100,000 children under 15 years old, more common in boys. Risk factors include genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and environmental exposures like radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Treatment involves risk-stratified induction, CNS prophylaxis, intensification therapy, and maintenance therapy for an average of 2-2.5 years. Prognosis is 80% long-term survival in developed

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    7 vizualizări17 pagini

    Acute Leukemia: Angeline Abraham Aleena Sara Matthew

    Încărcat de

    inny
    Acute leukemia arises from abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, disrupting normal marrow function and causing marrow failure. There are two main subtypes: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common childhood malignancy; and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ALL incidence is 3-4 cases per 100,000 children under 15 years old, more common in boys. Risk factors include genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and environmental exposures like radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Treatment involves risk-stratified induction, CNS prophylaxis, intensification therapy, and maintenance therapy for an average of 2-2.5 years. Prognosis is 80% long-term survival in developed

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 17

    ACUTE LEUKEMIA

    Angeline Abraham
    Aleena Sara Matthew

    Malignancy that arises from clonal proliferation of abnormal


    hematopoietic cells.
    Leads to disruption of normal marrow function causing marrow failure.
    Most common cancer in children.
    2 main subtypes
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)
    Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)

    ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA


    Most common childhood malignancy.
    Incidence : 3-4 cases per 100,000 children below 15
    years of age.
    More common in boys.

    ETIOLOGY
    GENETIC
    Down syndrome

    ENVIRONMENTAL

    Fanconi anaemia

    Ionizing radiations

    Ataxia telengiectasia

    Alkylating
    agents(cyclophosphamide,carbo
    platin)

    Severe combined immune


    deficiency
    Neurofibromatosis type 1

    Nitrosurea(nitrogen mustard)
    Benzene

    FAB CLASSIFICATION

    PROGNOSTIC FEATURES

    CLINICAL PRESENTATION

    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
    Infectious mononucleosis
    Acute infectious lymphocytosis
    Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    Aplastic anemia
    Juvenile rheumatoid arthirits

    INVESTIGATIONS
    Full blood count

    Hyper leucocytosis, pancytopenia

    Peripheral smear

    Morphology of cells and blast, blast and platelet count.

    Bone marrow aspirate

    Hyper cellular replacement of normal cells by blast cells.

    Bone marrow biopsy


    Renal profile

    Due to tumor lysis syndrome, monitor electrolytes.

    Immunophenotyping

    Differentiates the cellular lineages into pre-B, T cell and mature B cell.

    CSF cytology

    Leukemic blasts for CNS involvement*; important for staging

    * First intra thecal dose of methotrexate

    MANAGEMENT
    Risk based approach

    AGE

    WBC COUNT

    1-9 yrs

    <50,000/mm3

    Average risk

    3 important determinants
    are :

    Infants <1yr
    Children >10yr

    Higher risk

    Age at presentation

    Infants <6m

    Extremely poor
    outcome

    Total WBC count at


    presentation
    Response to initial therapy

    4 stages :
    1. Induction therapy(to attain remission)
    2. CNS prophylaxis or CNS preventive therapy
    3. Intensification(consolidation)
    4. Maintenance therapy(continuation)

    Average duration of treatment 2-2.5 yrs

    Supportive care
    Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci
    pneumonia
    Hepatits B vaccine
    Screening for HIV infection

    PROGNOSIS
    80% - longterm survivors in developed countries
    20-30% - develop bone marrow relapse with current therapy

    LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS


    Neurocognitive deficits
    Obesity
    Cardiomyopathy
    Avascular necrosis
    Secondary leukemia
    Osteoporosis

    S-ar putea să vă placă și