ON AND

ECONOMIC
CHANGE
CHAPTER 16

WESTERN
EUROPE

Fifteenth and Sixteenth

Centuries
Social, economic, religious, and
scientific change
An era of worldwide expansion and
exploration
Western Europeans regained lands
from Muslims in Spain.

Europeans seek gold

and Spices
The desire for wealth pushed
Europeans to make an
exploration
Italian city states has virtual
monopoly

European merchants
organized expeditions
Search for market and profits
European rulers support
overseas expedition

Religious zeal encourages

expansion

desire to spread Christianity

Renaissance foster a
spirit of adventure
All were driven with curiosity
Desire for glory
Hope of fame

Improvements in ship
and navigation
Important influence of technological
progress
More seaworthy ships
Navigational instruments

PortugueseCaravel sailing ship

developed in early 1400s. Faster
sailing ship, using triangular sails
and a rudder for sailing against
the wind.
Astrolabe was a device that used the
positions of the stars to determine
ships position The development of the
Magnetic Compass
greatly aided navigation
during the Age of
Discovery; it helped sailors
to determine their position

Voyages
of
Explorati
on Bring

The Portuguese
in
Asia Dias
Bartolomeu
a nobleman of the Portuguese
royal household, was a Portuguese
explorer. He sailed around the
southernmost tip of Africa in 1488,
reaching the Indian Ocean from
the Atlantic, the first European
known to have done so.

The cape of
storms
- The cape of Storms was first
reached in 1488 by the
Portuguese navigator B. Diaz,
who named it Cape of Storms
(Stormy Cape). The Portuguese
king, John II, renamed it Cape

Vasco da Gama
A Portuguese explorer.
He was the first European
to reach India by sea,
linking Europe and Asia for
the first time by ocean
route

An
Italian
explorer,
navigator, colonizer and
citizen of the Republic of
Genoa.
Under
the
auspices of the Catholic
Monarchs of Spain, he
completed four voyages
across the Atlantic Ocean.

PORTUGU
ESE
SETTLE

- European discovery of Americas, at the

time there were 25 to 100 million
people who were living in the lands that
stretch to Hudson Bay to Cape Horn.
The people of Americas differ from the
Europeans in language, culture and
technology at that time.
- 1500s Spaniards arrived in the main
land

2 Native American peoples that built strong states

that controlled large territories.
1. The Warlike Aztec State
Capital: technotitln (tech NOHCH- tee tlahn)
Dominated most of the valley of Mexico

2. Incas west coast of south America

Skilled at government organization and
administration
Neither of these civilizations was able to withstand
conquest by the Spaniards.

SPANISH CONQUEST
Spanish seek gold in the Americas
Corts is welcomed by the Aztecs
Corts gained Indian allies
Malinche Tenochtitln falls to the Spaniards (tech
NOHCH- tee tlahn)
Pizzaro conquers the empire of Incas
Legends of gold encourage further
exploration

COLINIZATION AFTTER
CONQUEST
1.THE SPANISH EMPIRE SPREADS
2.SETTLES BRINGS THE SPANISH CULTURE TO THE
AMERICAS
3.THE SPANIARDS DEMANDS LABOR AND TRIBUTE
FROM THE INDIANS
4.SPANISH MISSIONARIES WORK IN THE AMERICAS
5.THE PORTUGUESE COLONIZED BRAZIL SLOWLY
6.THE INDIAN POLULATION DECLINED DRASTICALLY
7.AFRICAN SLAVES ARE BROUGHHT TO THE AMERICAS
8.NEW GROUPS ENTER THE COLONIAL POLULATION


THE DUTCH, ENGLISH, AND
FRENCH GAIN COLONIES

DUTCH in old English Dutch simply

means people or nation.
Voyages a course of travel or passage
especially along journey by water to a
distant place.

In 1497 King Henry VII sent an Italian

navigator to find a North West
passage through North America.
John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) reach
Newfoundland and explored its coast.
Henry Hudson an English explorer made four
voyages in search of Northwest Passage.

 QUEEN ELIZABETH 1 IN 1600S

TRADERS OF ENGLISH EAST INDIA
COMPANY FOUGHT BOTH THE
PORTUGUESE AND THE FRENCH TO
GAIN TRADING POST IN INDIA.
ENGLISH COLONIES SETTLE IN NORTH
AMERICA

CHANGES BRING A REVOLUTION IN

ECONOMIC LIFE
Commercial revolution
The resulting changes in economic life in
1450 1700 brought by the voyages of
exploration of European nations
Mercantilism
The combination of royal growth and
expanding royal power.
Joint stock companies
Investors purchase shares of stock that gave
them part of ownership in businesses.

 John Hawkins
English merchant
Defend Spanish trade laws and brought European goods

Admiral Piet Heyn

Captured the Spanish Silver fleet in the Caribbean

Inflation
The increase of prices

 Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's
trade and industry are controlled by private owners for
profit, rather than by the state.

Market Economy
A market economy is an economy in which decisions
regarding investment, production, and distribution are
based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and
services are determined in a free price system.

Characteristics of
Capitalism
Private ownership this system capital belongs to
individuals who are free to decide what to do with
their property or money.
Profit motive they will the producers because they
want to make profit.
Market economy a money value is placed in all
forms of property.