INTRODUCING

PHP DATA OBJECTS

Wez Furlong
wez@omniti.com

THE PROBLEM

No consistency of API between DB extensions

Sometimes no self-consistency within a given extension

Duplicated code (but not)

High maintenance

THE PDO SOLUTION

Move PHP specific stuff into one extension

Database specific stuff (only) in their own extensions

Data access abstraction, not database abstraction

FEATURES
Performance
Native C code beats a scripted solution
Takes advantage of latest PHP 5 internals

Power
Gives you common DB features as a base
Still be able to access specialist functions

Easy
Non-intrusive
Clear

Runtime extensible
Drivers can be loaded at runtime

AVAILABLE DRIVERS

Oracle OCI

[PDO_OCI]

ODBC V3, IBM DB2

[PDO_ODBC]

MySQL 3.x

[PDO_MYSQL]

Postgres

[PDO_PGSQL]

SQLite 3.x

[PDO_SQLITE]

Firebird

[PDO_FIREBIRD]

GETTING PDO [UNIX]

Build PHP 5
--with-zlib --prefix=/usr/local/php5

pear download PDO-alpha

tar xzf PDO-*.tgz

cd PDO-*

PATH=/usr/local/php5/bin:$PATH

phpize && ./configure && make

make install

GETTING PDO [UNIX] 2

Select the driver(s) you need

pear download PDO_XXX-alpha

tar xzf PDO_XXX*.tgz

cd PDO_XXX*

phpize && ./configure && make

make install

GETTING PDO [WIN32]

Grab the DLLs from the snaps site

http://snaps.php.net/win32/PECL_5_0/

You need:
php_pdo.dll
php_pdo_XXX.dll

Put them in C:\php5\ext

SWITCHING IT ON

Need to enable PDO in your php.ini

MUST load PDO first

Unix:
extension=pdo.so
extension=pdo_XXX.so

Windows
extension=php_pdo.dll
extension=php_pdo_XXX.dll

CONNECTING VIA PDO

try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn,
$user, $password, $options);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo Failed to connect:
. $e->getMessage();
}

DSN FORMAT IN PDO

Driver:optional_driver_specific_stuff
sqlite:/path/to/db/file
sqlite::memory:
mysql:host=name;dbname=dbname
pgsql:native_pgsql_connection_string
oci:dbname=dbname;charset=charset
firebird:dbname=dbname;charset=charset;role=role
odbc:odbc_dsn

DSN ALIASING
uri:uri
Specify location of a file containing actual DSN on the first line
Works with streams interface, so remote URLs can work too

name

(with no colon)

Maps to pdo.dsn.name in your php.ini

pdo.dsn.name=sqlite:/path/to/name.db
$dbh = new PDO(name);
$dbh = new PDO(sqlite:/path/to/name.db);

Neither of these allows for user/pass (yet!)

CONNECTION MANAGEMENT
try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pw);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo connect failed: . $e->getMessage();
}
// use the database here
//
// done; release the connection
$dbh = null;

PERSISTENT PDO
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass,
array(
PDO_ATTR_PERSISTENT => true
)
);

Can specify a string instead of true

Useful for keeping 2 connections open with similar credentials

PERSISTENT PDO 2

PDO_ODBC supports native connection pooling by default

Likely to be more resource efficient than PDO pconnect

Can turn it off in php.ini:

pdo_odbc.connection_pooling=off

Need to restart web server after changing it

LETS GET DATA

$dbh = new PDO($dsn);
$stmt = $dbh->prepare(
SELECT * FROM FOO);
$stmt->execute();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
print_r($row);
}

FETCH TYPES
$stmt->fetch(PDO_FETCH_BOTH)
Array with numeric and string keys
default option

PDO_FETCH_NUM
Array with numeric keys

PDO_FETCH_ASSOC
Array with string keys

PDO_FETCH_OBJ
$obj->name holds the name column from the row

PDO_FETCH_BOUND
Just returns true until there are no more rows

LETS CHANGE DATA

$deleted = $dbh->query(
DELETE FROM FOO WHERE 1);
$changes = $dbh->query(
UPDATE FOO SET active=1
. WHERE NAME LIKE %joe%);

SMARTER QUERIES
Quoting is annoying, but essential
PDO offers a better way
$stmt->prepare(INSERT INTO CREDITS (extension, name)
VALUES (:extension, :name));
$stmt->execute(array(
:extension => xdebug,
:name => Derick Rethans
));

BINDING FOR OUTPUT

$stmt = $dbh->prepare(
"SELECT extension, name from CREDITS");
if ($stmt->execute()) {
$stmt->bindColumn(extension', $extension);
$stmt->bindColumn(name',
$name);
while ($stmt->fetch(PDO_FETCH_BOUND)) {
echo Extension: $extension\n;
echo Author: $name\n;
}
}

PORTABILITY AIDS

PDO aims to make it easier to write db independent apps

Number of hacks^Wtweaks for this purpose

$dbh->setAttribute(
PDO_ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS, true);
Converts empty strings to NULL when fetched

PDO_ATTR_CASE
Some databases (notably, Oracle) insist on returning column names in uppercase
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO_ATTR_CASE, PDO_CASE_UPPER);
$stmt = $dbh->prepare(
"SELECT extension, name from CREDITS");
if ($stmt->execute()) {
$stmt->bindColumn(EXTENSION', $extension);
$stmt->bindColumn(NAME',

$name);

while ($stmt->fetch(PDO_FETCH_BOUND)) {
echo Extension: $extension\n;
echo Author: $name\n;
}
}

DATA TYPING

Very loose

uses strings for data

Gives you more control over data conversion

ERROR HANDLING

PDO offers 3 different error modes

$dbh->setAttribute(PDO_ATTR_ERRMODE, $mode);
PDO_ERRMODE_SILENT
PDO_ERRMODE_WARNING
PDO_ERRMODE_EXCEPTION

Attempts to map native codes to PDO generic codes

But still offers native info too

PDO_ERRMODE_SILENT
if (!$dbh->query($sql)) {
echo $dbh->errorCode() . "<br>";
$info = $dbh->errorInfo();
// $info[0] == $dbh->errorCode()
// unified error code
// $info[1] is the driver specific
// error code
// $info[2] is the driver specific
// error string
}

PDO_ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
try {
$dbh->exec($sql);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
// display warning message print
$e->getMessage();
$info = $e->errorInfo;
// $info[0] == $e->code;
//

unified error code

// $info[1] is the driver specific error code

// $info[2] is the driver specific error string
}

TRANSACTIONS
try {
$dbh->beginTransaction();
$dbh->query(UPDATE );
$dbh->query(UPDATE );
$dbh->commit();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
$dbh->rollBack();
}

COOL STUFF ON THE HORIZON

Iterators (coming real soon)

foreach ($stmt->execute() as $row)

LOB support via streams

Bind the parameter
fwrite, fread(), fseek() on the LOB

Scrollable cursors

RESOURCES

Oracle Technology Network article

http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/php_experts/otn_pdo_oracle5.ht
ml

These slides and other PDO news bytes

http://netevil.org

Bugs?
http://pecl.php.net/bugs/report.php?package=PDO_XXX