Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Lester A. Gonzales
STRATEGY
Nations need strategies to achieve
national advancement.
To achieve these goals , policies have
to be formulated and enforced.
MACRO
POLICIES
MACRO POLICIES
INCLUDES:
FISCAL POLICY
MONETARY POLICY
EXCHANGE RATE
INCOME POLICY
Policy
objectives
FISCAL
POLICY
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and
TAXATION to influence the economy.
Fiscal policy is largely based on the ideas of
British economist John Maynard Keynes (18831946),
who believed governments could change economic
performance by adjusting tax rates and government
spending.
Tax Revenue
Tax collections comprise the biggest percentage of revenue collected. Its
biggest contributor is theBureau of Internal Revenue(BIR), followed by the
Bureau of Customs (BOC). Tax effort as a percentage of GDP has averaged at
roughly 13% for the years 2001-2010.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines
Causes of deficits:
Mismanage
Misallocate
Misspend
Corruption
MONETARY
POLICY
Monetary policy is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central
bank. It involves management of money supply and interest rate and is the
demand side economic policy used by the government of a country to
achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and
liquidity.
SOURCE:: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/monetary-policy
Federal Reserve
Source: http://www.manilatimes.net/impact-exchange-rates/118508/
MICRO
POLICIES
Microeconomics is the branch of economics that analyzes the
market behavior of individual consumers and firms in an attempt to
understand the decision-making process of firms and households.
It is concerned with the interaction between individual buyers
and sellers and the factors that influence the choices made by
buyers and sellers.
Micro policies include:
Trade policy
Policy on foreign investments
Policy on privatization or
nationalization
Economic policy
Competition policy
Subsidy policy
TRADE POLICY
Laws related to the exchange of goods or services involved
in international trade including taxes, subsidies, and
import/export regulations.
Examples of trade agreements in the
country:
Source:
http://www.dti.gov.ph/dti/index.php/resources/tradeagreements
FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT
A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment made by a
company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity
based in another country.
Philippine Daily Inquirer
01:16 AM July 12th, 2016
Net inflows of job-generating foreign direct investments (FDI) jumped to the highest-ever
monthly figure of $2.2 billion in April as the Philippines economic star shone in the region and
attracted greater investor interest, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas said Monday.
According to the BSP, the bulk of the net inflows in April was made up of debt instruments
overseas-based parent firms lending to their affiliates in the country in order to finance existing
operations as well as expansion, which hit $1.3 billion, up 371.6 percent year-on-year.
Source:
http://business.inquirer.net/211801/net-fdi-inflow-hits-record-2-2b-april