The

Microscope
Prepared by: Rashel Jan L. Jael,
RMT

Microscope
instrument widely
use to magnify and
resolve the image of
an object that is
otherwise invisible
to the naked eye

History
1590 Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans
developed the first compound microscope

History
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
o Father of Microscopy
o first person to observe and describe single
celled organisms
o first to record and observe muscle fibres,
bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in
capillaries

Parts of A Microscope

Parts of A Microscope
A. Body
B. Illumination System
C. Lens system

Parts of A Microscope
A. Body
Base support
Body tube holds
the objective
lenses and the
ocular lens at the
proper distance

Parts of A Microscope
A. Body
Nose Piece holds the objective
lenses
Arm supports the microscope when
carried; connects the base to the
binocular head-revolving nosepiece
assembly
Mechanical Stage where the
specimen to be examined is placed

Parts of A Microscope
B. Lens system
Objectives perform the initial
magnification of the object
Scanner 4x
Low power (LPO) 10x
High power (HPO) 40x
Oil Immersion (OIO) 100X

Parts of A Microscope
B. Lens system
Objectives inscriptions:
Type of objective
Magnification
Numerical aperture
Microscope tube length
Coverslip thickness to be used

Parts of A Microscope
B. Lens system
Coarse and Fine Focus knobs
controls the distance between the
slide and the objectives
Coarse knob for initial focusing,
moves the mechanical stage
Fine knob to sharpen the image

Parts of A Microscope
B. Lens system
Eyepiece where the ocular lens
system is located
Ocular designed to further
magnify the object that has been
enhanced by the objectives.
Diopter adjustment knob use
to compensate for the variations in
vision between the operators
eyes.

Parts of A Microscope
C. Illumination system
Light source

RHEOSTAT regulates the intensity of the

light
Field diaphragm controls the light beam
reaching the slide and is adjusted for optimal
illumination
Condenser focuses the light on the
specimen and controls the light for uniform
illumination
Aperture diaphragm controls the amount
of light and the angle of light that pass the
specimen and lens

Terminologies
Resolving power ability to distinguish
two small objects that are a specific
distance apart.
Resolution ability to visualize fine details
Parfocal - lens that stays in focus when
magnification/focal length is changed

Terminologies
Field of view - the diameter of the circle of
view when looking through the oculars
*the HIGHER the magnification the SMALLER
is the field of view.
(Final) Magnification
* Ocular Magnification X Objective
Magnification

How to Use the

Microscope
The following procedure must be used when working with the
oil immersion lens:
o focus carefully on a selected area with the high-dry
objective,
o swing the high-dry objective out of the light path and
allow the nosepiece to remain in an intermediate position
between the high-dry and the oil-immersion objectives,
o place a drop of immersion oil on the slide in the
appropriate region to be studied,
o swing the oil-immersion objective into position. The
distance between the front element of the objective and
the surface of the slide will be about 1.0mm, and the oil
will form a bridge between the slide and the objective.
The area to be examined should be within the field and
should require only slight refocusing.

How to Use the

Microscope

Place the slide on the stage and examine it

with the scanning objective (4x).
Rotate the revolving nosepiece to place
the lower-power objective (10x) in the
optical axis. When turning the nosepiece,
grasp the nosepiece itself or the part of
the objective adjacent to the nosepiece to
avoid excess stress on the objective.
Proceed to high dry (40x).