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INTRO TO SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 2:
UNDERSTANDING OURSELVES
& OTHERS
CHAPTER 2: UNDERSTANDING
OURSELVES & OTHERS
DEFINITION
SELF
An image or schema of our
persona,
an on-going
life-long
largely subjective
construction
heavily influenced by
feedback from others and
role and situational
familiarity and/or changes.
PERSONALITY
Sets of personal
characteristics, traits, or
predispositions to respond,
such as being honest,
confident, adventurous,
sensitive, or funny.
an internal property
a collection of stable
predispositions to respond
a product of largely one's
personal history, and
it is considered to be an
objective entity.
1. SELF SCHEMA
COMPARISON
COLLECTIVISM
INDIVIDUALISM
Emphasis is on belonging to
organizations and membership is ideal.
2. SELF KNOWLEDGE
4.SELF PRESENTATION
Impression Management
ATTRIBUTION
we seek to identify the
Def: the process which
COMPARISON
INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION
The external
(situation/environment) factors
Examples:
Luck, other people, situation
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
KELLEYS
MODEL
COVARIATION
CORRESPONDENT INFERENCE
THEORY
EXAMPLE
COVARIATION MODEL
Example
INTERNAL
ATTRIBUTION
Consensus
Consistency
Distinctiveness
CIRCUMSTANCE
ATTRIBUTION
ENTITY
ATTRIBUTION
Direction/ objective
of the actor towards
person /thing
Conditions in which
action/event
occurred
Consensus
Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus
Consistency
Distinctiveness
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION
ERROR(CORRESPONDENCE
BIAS)
STAGE 1
SPONTANTENOUS
BEHAVIORAL
CATEGORIZATION
(What is the actor
doing)
STAGE 2
SPONTANTENOUS
DISPOSITIONAL
CHARACTERIZATIO
N
(What dispositions
does the behaviour
imply?)
STAGE 3
DELIBERATE
ATTRIBUTIONAL
INFERENCE
(What situational
factors might have
caused the
behaviour?)
DUAL PROCESS
MODELS OF
ATTRIBUTION
NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
1.FACIAL EXPRESSION
2.EYE CONTACT
3.BODY LANGUAGE
1. Facial expression
Is it universal?
Basically, there are five basic facial
expressions found by the research which are:
Anger
Fear
Happines
Sadness
Disgust
2. Eye contact
3. Body Language
Touching
Depends:
i)Who did it
ii)Nature of physical context
iii)Where is the place
Handshake
The more stronger or firm is
tend to openness
Deception
THE END.