Petrologi

ROCK FORMING MINERAL

Temu ke-4
2014

MINERALS
MINERALS:

TWO CATEGORIES

SILICATES

CONTAIN SILICON - OXYGEN

MOLECULE (SiO)

NON-SILICATES

(NO SiO)

MAKE UP 90-95% OF
WEIGHT OF EARTHS
CRUST

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Bowens Reaction Series

N.L.

Bowen

Canadian
1900s
Stated

that as magma cools, minerals form in

predictable patterns
Known as Bowens Reaction Series

Bowens Reaction Series

Two

Branches

Feldspars
Continuous,

gradual change of mineral

compositions

Iron-Rich
An

Minerals

abrupt change of mineral type

Bowens Reaction Series

Feldspars
Continuous

Change
First Feldspars are
rich in Calcium (Ca)
Sodium (Na)
increases as cooling
continues
Last Feldspars to
form are Sodium rich
(Na)

Iron Rich Minerals

Discontinuous Change
Magnesium (Mg) cools
around 18000C, when
olivine crystallizes, this
continous up to 15570C.
Now Pyroxene begins to
form. All olivine that was
formed is now turned to
pyroxene
Quartz is the last to form,
because silica and oxygen
are the last to crystallize

Amongst the common rock forming minerals

Felspathoid minerals containing less % of silica are
also present which are usually allied with Feldspars
Nepheline
(Silicate of sodium
and aluminium)=>Albite
Leucite
(Silicate of potassium
and aluminium)=>Orthoclase
Sodalite
(contain volatile Cl element)

Make up 5-10% of Earths

continental crust

NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Native

metals: gold, silver, copper

Carbonates: calcite (used in cement)
Oxides: hematite (iron ores)
Sulfides: galena (lead ores)
Sulfates: gypsum (used in plaster)

Sampai sua lagi