PA 207 Local Govt Planning,

Implementation
Professor Abdul Jalil Tanggote
MPA, Bukidnon State University

DECENTRALIZATION

Philippine Government
As of December 2015

81 provinces

145 cities

1496 municipalities

42,036 villages/ barangays

Republican form

Executive, Legislative (Bicameral), Judiciary Local Government Units

The Legislative Branch of Philippine

Government
The main responsibility is the creation of the
law.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make

laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the
House of Representatives.

The Judicial Branch of Philippine

Government
The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies
involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not there has been a
grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government.
It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the
power of Judicial Review as the power to declare a treaty,
international or executive agreement, law, presidential
decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or
regulation unconstitutional.

The Executive Branch of Philippine

Government
Theexecutiveistheorganthatexercises
authorityinandholdsresponsibilityfor
thegovernanceofastate.
President
VicePresident
Cabinet
Local Government

President
ArticleVII,Section1,ofthe1987Constitutionvests
executive power onthe President of the
Philippines.The President is the Head of
StateandHead of Government, and functions as
thecommander-in-chiefoftheArmedForcesofthe
Philippines. As chief executive, the President
exercises control over all the executive
departments,bureaus,andoffices.

Vice President
According to the constitution, the vice president may
concurrently assume a cabinet position should the
President of the Philippines offer the former one.
The vice president will become a secretary
concurrent to the position of vice president.
Aside from the cabinet post, the vice president is
mandated to assume the presidency in case of the
death, disability, or resignation of the incumbent
President.

The Cabinet
Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the President executing, with his
authority, the power of the Office of the President in their respective
departments.
The number of cabinet secretaries varies from time to time depending on the
need of an administration. According to the Administrative Code of 1987, the
President of the Philippines may create or dissolve any department as he sees
fit.
12.Secretary of Labor and Employment
1. Executive Secretary
13.Secretary of National Defense
2. Secretary of Agrarian Reform
14.Secretary of Public Works and Highways
3. Secretary of Agriculture
15.Secretary of Science and Technology
4. Secretary of Budget and Management
16.Secretary of Social Welfare and
5. Secretary of Education
Development
6. Secretary of Energy
17.Secretary of the Interior and Local
7. Secretary of Environment and Natural
Government
Resources
18.Secretary of Trade and Industry
8. Secretary of Finance
19.Secretary
of
Transportation
and
9. Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Communications
10.Secretary of Health
20.Secretary of Tourism

Local Government
The executive branch extends beyond the
national government. According to Article X,
Section 4 of the constitution, the President of
the Philippines is mandated to supervise local
governments all over the country. However,
because of Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise
known as the Local Government Code of
1991, local governments enjoy relative
autonomy from the national government.

Aims of the Local Government Code

1991

Purpose: transform LGUs into self-reliant communities and active

partners in nation-building by giving them more powers, authority,
responsibilities and resources

Hopes to achieve economic development at the regional and local

levels by giving LCE more freedom in carrying out their programs that
are suitable in their areas

The granting of more powers, authority, responsibilities and

resources by the national government to local government units in
order to be self-reliant and active partners .

Decentralization

Transfer of power and authority from central

institution to lower or local levels of a
government system

*is

the process of redistributing or dispersing

functions, powers, people or things away from a
central location or authority.

3 forms of decentralization

Devolution transfer of power and authority from

the national government to local government units
(LGUs); political and territorial

Deconcentration transfer of power, authority or

responsibility or the discretion to plan, decide and
manage from central to local levels; administrative
and sectoral

Debureaucratization transfer of some public

functions and responsibilities, which government may
perform, to private entities or NGOs

Devolved functions to LGUs

Among the social services and facilities that local government should provide, as stipulated in
Section 17 of the Local Government Code, are the following:

facilities and research services for agriculture and fishery activities, which include
seedling nurseries, demonstration farms, and irrigation systems;

health services, which include access to primary health care, maternal and child care, and
medicines, medical supplies and equipment;

social welfare services, which include programs and projects for women, children, elderly,
and persons with disabilities, as well as vagrants, beggars, street children, juvenile
delinquents, and victims of drug abuse;

information services, which include job placement information systems and a public
library;

a solid waste disposal system or environmental management system;

municipal/city/provincial buildings, cultural centers, public parks, playgrounds, and sports

facilities and equipment;

 infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridges, school

buildings, health clinics, fish ports, water supply systems,
seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and traffic
signals and road signs;
public markets,
enterprises;

slaughterhouses,

and

other

local

public cemetery;
tourism facilities and other tourist attractions; and
sites for police and fire stations and substations and
municipal jail.

Local government units also have the power to create its own
sources of revenue and to levy (impose) taxes, fees, and
charges/fines that shall accrue exclusively to them.

Devolved Regulatory Powers

1. Reclassification of agricultural lands

2. Enforcement of environmental laws
3. Inspection of food products and quarantine
4. Enforcement of national building code
5. Operation of tricycles
6. Processing and approval of subdivision plans
7. Establishment of cockpits

Challenges

Patronage (support from the patron), money politics,

fiefdoms (land controlled by dominant one person/landlord
or group)
Inefficient, politically influenced civil service
Dependence of local governments on national
government

Building an Archipelago of Good Governance

Reform the electoral system

Decentralize more powers, responsibilities and
resources to local
governments

Each local government has its own chief executive. The following is
the list of local chief executives:

1. barangay punong barangay (barangay chairman)

2. municipality municipal mayor
3. city city mayor
4. province provincial governor
The local chief executives have the power to approve or
veto local ordinances recommended by the local
legislators.

Punongbarangay
The punong barangay, as the chief executive of the barangay
government, shall exercise and perform the following powers
and functions:
1.enforce

all laws and ordinances which are applicable within the

barangay;
2.negotiate, enter into, and sign contracts for and in behalf of the
barangay, upon authorization of the Sangguniang Barangay;
3.maintain public order in the barangay;
4.call and preside over the sessions of the Sangguniang Barangay and the
Barangay Assembly;
5.appoint or replace the barangay treasurer, the barangay secretary, and
other appointive barangay officials;
6.organize and lead an emergency group for the maintenance of peace and
order or on occasions of emergency or calamity within the barangay;
7.prepare the annual executive and supplemental budgets of the barangay,
in coordination with the Barangay Development Council;

1. approve vouchers relating to the disbursement of barangay

funds;
2. enforce laws and regulations relating to pollution control and
protection of the environment;
3. administer the operation of the Katarungang Pambarangay;
4. exercise general supervision over the activities of the
Sangguniang Kabataan;
5. ensure the delivery of basic social services and access to
facilities;
6. conduct an annual palarong barangay which shall feature
traditional sports and disciplines included in national and
international games; and
7. promote the general welfare of the barangay.

Municipalandcitymayors
The municipal mayor and city mayor, as the chief executive of the municipal
government and city government, respectively, shall exercise and perform
the following powers and functions:
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects,
services, and activities of the municipal or city government:
1. determine the guidelines of municipal policies and be
responsible to the Sangguniang Bayan or Panlungsod for the
program of government;
2. direct the formulation of the municipal or city development
plan;
3. at the opening of the regular session of the Sangguniang
Bayan or Panlungsod, present the program of government
and propose policies and projects for consideration;
4. initiate and propose legislative measures to the Sangguniang
Bayan or Panlungsod;

5. represent the municipality or city in all its business

transactions and sign on its behalf all bonds, contracts,
and
obligations,
upon
authorization
by
the
Sangguniang Bayan;
6. carry out emergency measures as may be necessary
during and in the aftermath of man-made and natural
disasters;
7. examine the books, records and other documents of all
offices, officials, agents or employees of the
municipality or city;
8. visit component barangays of the municipality or city
at least once every six months;
9. solemnize marriages, any provision of law to the
contrary notwithstanding;
10.conduct a palarong bayan or panlungsod; and
11.submit to the provincial governor an annual report on

2. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all

approved policies, programs, projects, services and
activities of the municipality or city:
1. issue executive orders as are necessary for the proper
enforcement and execution of laws and ordinances;
2. call conventions, seminars or meetings of any elective and
appointive officials of the municipality or city;
3. formulate and implement the peace and order plan of the
municipality or city; and
4. call upon the appropriate law enforcement agencies to
suppress disorder, riot, lawless violence, rebellion or
sedition or to apprehend violators of the law.

3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, to

be used for the implementation of development plans, program
objectives and priorities:
1. prepare and submit to the Sangguniang Bayan or Panlungsod for
approval the annual executive and supplemental budgets of the
municipality or city;
2. ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the municipality or city
are collected;
3. issue, suspend or revoke licenses and permits;
4. adopt measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral, marine,
forest, and other resources of the municipality or city;
5. provide efficient and effective property and supply management in
the municipality or city; and protect the funds, credits, rights and
other properties of the municipality or city; and
6. institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial
proceedings for violation of ordinances in the collection of taxes,
fees or charges, and for the recovery of funds and property.

4.Ensure the delivery of basic services and

the provision of adequate facilities as
provided for under Section 17 of the Local
Government Code.

Provincialgovernors
The provincial governor, as the chief executive of the provincial government, shall
exercise and perform the following powers and duties:
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services,
and activities of the provincial government:
1. determine the guidelines of municipal policies and be responsible to the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan for the program of government;
2. direct the formulation of the provincial development plan;
3. at the opening of the regular session of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan,
present the program of government and propose policies and projects for
consideration;
4. initiate and propose legislative measures to the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan;
5. represent the province in all its business transactions and sign on its
behalf all bonds, contracts, and obligations, upon authorization by the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan;

6. carry out emergency measures as may be necessary during

and in the aftermath of man-made and natural disasters;
7. examine the books, records and other documents of all
offices, officials, agents or employees of the province;
8. furnish copies of executive orders issued by him to the
Office of the President within 72 hours after their issuance;
9. visit component cities and municipalities at least once every
six months;
10.represent the province in inter-provincial or regional sports
councils or committees, and coordinate the efforts of
component cities or municipalities in the regional or national
palaro or sports development activities;
11.conduct an annual palarong panlalawigan; and
12.submit to the Office of the President an annual report on
the administration and development of the province, and
supplemental reports when unexpected events and situations such
as calamities arise.

2. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all approved

policies, programs, projects, services and activities of the
province:
1. issue executive orders as are necessary for the proper
enforcement and execution of laws and ordinances;
2. call conventions, seminars or meetings of any elective and
appointive officials of the province;
3. in coordination with the component cities and municipalities,
and the National Police Commission, formulate and implement
the peace and order plan of the province; and
4. call upon the appropriate law enforcement agencies to suppress
disorder, riot, lawless violence, rebellion or sedition or to
apprehend violators of the law.

3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and

revenues, to be used for the implementation of development
plans, program objectives and priorities:
1. prepare and submit to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for
approval the annual executive and supplemental budgets of
the province;
2. ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the province are
collected;
3. issue, suspend or revoke licenses and permits;
4. adopt measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral,
marine, forest, and other resources of the province;
5. provide efficient and effective property and supply
management in the province; and protect the funds, credits,
rights and other properties of the province; and
6. institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial
proceedings for violation of ordinances in the collection of
taxes, fees or charges, and for the recovery of funds and

4. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the

provision of adequate facilities as provided for under
Section 17 of the Local Government Code.
TERMLIMITS

The offices of the abovementioned local chief

executives are limited to three consecutive threeyear terms. Once they end their third term, they
may not run for reelection, but may run again
once they let one term pass.

References:

Decentralization in the Philippines

Eddie Dorotan, MD, MPA
Former Mayor, Irosin, Sorsogon
Executive Director, Galing Pook Foundation
Convenor, Global Public Innovations Network

Cities of the Philippines

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Executive Branch, The Official Gazette

The Law DictionaryFeaturing Black's Law Dictionary Free Online

Legal Dictionary 2nd Ed
affordableCebu 2010-2016

THANK YOU!
ARLEM M. ABANES
Reporter