SCORE A SCIENCE

1511
TECHNIQUE OF ANSWER THE SCIENCE
PAPER 2 SECTION A
SAINS SPM (1511)

PAPER 2 - 1511/2
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ( 2 Hours & 30 minutes )
Section A

: 4 questions (Science Process Skills)

[20 marks]

Section B

: 5 questions
(Knowledge / Understanding )
[30 marks]
( low difficulty : 35, Medium difficulty : 15)
Section C

: Q 10 ( Experiment Design )
[10m - Medium :2, High : 8 ]
: Q 11a dan Q12a (Understanding )
[04 m - Medium]
: Q 11b dan 12b ( Application skills )
[6m - High ]
[20 marks]
Low : 35, Medium : 21, High : 14

Preparation for Section A

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Student should be able to use the science

process skills in order to answer the questions
in this section.
There are 4 questions which test on 10
Science Process Skills ( SPS ).
Each SPS maybe tested more than one time.
The most effective preparation for this is
Practise Make Prefect / More Drills .
Some of the answers for this section might
obtained from the question either directly or
indirectly.

KPS 1 : Make an Observation

Describe what is observed in a Table or

Diagram.

Observation like the light up of a light bulb,

deflection of the Ammeter pointer, the
change of physical state ( colour change or
change of shape), the pesence of gas
bubbles etc.

Observation, sometimes can be written in the

form of comparison.

KPS 1 : Make an Observation

State one observation about the displacement of
Block Q position when hit by the trolley as shown
in Diagram 4.1 & Diagram 4.2.

Displacement of Block Q in Diagram 4.2 is

more far than in Diagram 4.1.
Displacement of Block Q in Diagram 4.1 is
nearer than in Diagram 4.2.

KPS 2 : MAKE INFERENCE

Make an reasonable and brief conclusion
to explain an event/observation.
Provide a reason for an observation .

KPS 2 : Make an inference

Observation:
Block Q in Diagram 4.2 is displaced further than in Diagram
4.1
Because
the mass of the trolley in Diagram 4.2 is

larger than in Diagram 4.1.

Because the number of trolley in Diagram 4.2 is more
than in Diagram 4.1.

KPS 3 : Classify
Identify the things in common and
differences.
Classify based on the common
characteristics.
Part R controls
involuntary action.
Mark (/) the action
which is controlled
by part R.

[2 marks]

KPS 3 : Classify

KPS 4 : Identify Variables

1. Get the answer from the sentence of question.
Example:
1. Diagram shows an experiment to study the pressure produced
by the wooden block, P and Q which have the same mass.
2. Study the effect of impurities on the boiling point of distilled
water.

i.
ii.

iii.

Steps:
Underline / Highlight the Manipulated variable ( Variable that affect
the result of an experiment )
Underline / Highlight the Responding Variable ( Variable that
affected by the Manipulated Variable / What is observed at the end
of an experiment )
Underline the Constant Variable. ( Variable that do not changed
until the end of an experiment. )

KPS 4 : Identify Variable

2. Obtained from Diagram

Steps:
i. MV( Things that is different in the two diagram)
ii. RV ( Things that is observed at the end of
experiment
iii. CV ( Things that is never changed )

KPS 4 : Identify Variable

3. Obtained from Table
Substance
Distilled water

Boiling point / oC
100

Distilled water + Salt

Steps:
i.
Only can get MV and RV.
ii. Both variables can be obtained from the
column title of the table.
iii. Substance is MV Left
iv. So, Boiling point is RV Right

KPS 4 : Identify Variable

Vertical

4. Obtained from Graph

Horizontal

Steps
i.
Refer the label of the Axis (vertical /
horizontal )
ii.
Horizontal label - MV
iii. Vertical label - RV

KPS 4 : Identify Variable

Reminder

i. Appratus / Equipment cant be used as

variable. ( Beaker/ Measuring cylincer/
thermometer )
ii. Must state the parameter example
Acid

: Type of acid, Volume of acid,

Concentration of acid.
Metal : Type of metal, Size of metal, Mass
of Metal
Temperature : Reading of thermometer

KPS 5 : Form Hypothesis

Identify

the MV & RV

Study the effect of temperature on the growth of bacteria.

MV : Temperature
RV : Growth of bacteria

Use

the suitable connectors.

The hypothesis must be written in a complete
sentence.
Testable through an experiment.
Hypothesis:
If the temperature increases, then the size of
bacterial colony increase as well.
The temperature affect the size of bacterial
colony.

KPS 5 : Form Hypothesis

Be

specific!
pH 7 is most suitable for the growth of
microorganism

General

: -Not accepted!
The pH value affects the growth of the
microorganism.

KPS 5 : Form Hypothesis

State a hypothesis an this experiment.

MV : Concentration of
antibiotic

RV : Clear area around the

antibiotic disc.

The higher the concentration of antibiotic, the larger the clear area
formed around it.

KPS 6 :Measuring with number

Make an quantitative observation which
involve the use of standardized measuring
tools.
Record the reading accurately.

KPS 6 : Measuring with number

KPS 7/8 : Relate and Predict

Volume of
Hidrogen / cm3

30

20

10

10

12

14

Time/ minute

Figure 1

(a)

State the relationship between the volume of hydrogen gas released and the
time at the first 6 minutes.

(b) Predict the volume of hydrogen gas released at the 16 minutes.

(a)

The volume of hydrogen gas released increases with time at the first 6
minutes.

(b) 30 cm3

KPS 9 : Operational Definition

1. Definition for a concept
Example : Definition for alkali, A solution which
consists of hydroxyl ion.

2. Change the definition to the one which can

be observed/seen.
Hydroxyl ion cannot be seen but its presence can be
tested with litmus paper. ( It can change the red
litmus paper to blue.)

3. Write the operational definition

Define operationally for Alkali
Alkali is a solution that change the red litmus paper to
blue.

Term is parameter that observable changes

in an experiment.

KPS 9 : Define operationally

Test
tube

pH value

Cloudiness of
nutrient broth

Acid ( pH less than 7)

Slightly cloudy

Alkali (pH more than 7)

Slightly cloudy

Neutral (pH 7)

Very cloudy

SPM 2007
Result of an experiment to study the effect of pH
value on the bacterial growth.
State the operational definition for bacterial growth.
Bacterial growth is a process that causes the
most cloudiness of nutrient broth at pH 7.

KPS 9 : Operational definition

Substance
Distilled water

Boiling point / oC
100

Distilled water + salt

SPM

2003
State the operational definition for distilled
water.
- The water that boil at 100 oC is distilled water.
- The distilled water is the water that boil at
100 0C.
- Distilled water is pure water. ( Wrong )

KPS 10 : Communication
Transfer

the data in a table into a graph

Plot correctly on the graph

Straight

line graph
- Use ruler to draw a smooth line connecting
all the plots.
Curve

line graph
Cannot use ruler, free hand

Bar

chart / HISTOGRAM

Size of bar must be same

KPS 10 : Communication
Curve line graph

Number of bacterial colonies increases

with time.

Heights of seeding increases with

time.

KPS 10 : Berkomunikasi
Car Chart
Histogram

ALL THE BEST

PERSEDIAAN BAHAGIAN B
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Murid perlu mengenal pasti maklumat yang terdapat

dalam rangsangan soalan.
Rangsangan soalan adalah dalam bentuk
pernyataan, gambarajah, carta alir, jadual atau
tindak balas kimia.
Selalunya terdapat maklumat yang membantu untuk
mendapatkan jawapan dalam rangsangan soalan.
Jangan menggunakan huruf potong atau ringkas
untuk jawapan (yg; krn; spt; krom; bsatu, tdk / x)
Ejaan istilah dan melabel mesti betul.
Bagi rajah sinar, garis sinar mesti dilukis dengan
menggunakan pembaris dan ada anak panah.
Jangan memberi jawapan lebih daripada apa yang
diminta/diperuntukkan markah - WCR

Section C
1. Compulsory to answer Q10.
- Experiment report
2. Choose to answer Q11 or Q12.
- Form concept
- Make decision
- Problem solving
3. This section is pretty easy to score BUT hardly
answered by students.

HOW TO ANSWER QUESTION N0.10

1. Hypothesis - statement must be specific.
2. AIM statement which has : To study the effect of
MV on RV )
3. Based on the given statement, identify 2 types of
variables , RV and MV.
4. Most of the apparatus & materials are given in the
question. Must add in 1 or 2 materials or
apparatus.
- Liquid : test tube / beaker
- Electric : wire / wire clips
- Heating : Bunsen burner

CARA MENJAWAB SOALAN N0 10

5. Procedure
i. Prepare the apparatus / Explain the way to
prepare the apparatus .(Complete labelled
diagram are accepted. )
ii. How to obtain RV
- Describe what is done on MV.
iii. Describe what is done on CV.
iv Describe how to observe/ calculate / measure
RV
- Use the words (RV) is observed and recorded.

CARA MENJAWAB SOALAN N0 10

6. Tabulation of Data
- Construct a Table, MV (left) and RV (left).
Fill in the MV (left) with correct variable.
Left the RV (Right) blank.

Bahagian C Soalan 10 : Mengeksperimen

An alloy and a pure metal have a different corrosive resistance
characteristic
Aloi dan logam tulen mempunyai sifat bahan kakisan yang berbeza

a.

Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement (1

m)
Nyatakan hipotesis

b.

You are given an iron nail, a steel nail and sodium chloride
solution. Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis based
on the following criteria.
Anda diberi sebatang paku besi, paku keluli dan larutan
natrium klorida
Huraikan eksperimen utk menguji hipotesis anda berdasarkan
kriteria berikut
(i)
Aim of the experiment / Tujuan
(1 mark)
(iii) Identify the variables / Pembolehubah
(2 marks)
(iv) List of apparatus and materials / Bahan & radas (1
mark)
(v)
Procedure or method / Kaedah
(4 marks)
(vi) Tabulation of the data / Penjadualan data
(1 mark)

Bahagian C Soalan 10 : Mengeksperiment

JAWAPAN
Hipotesis

Aloi lebih tahan kakisan berbanding logam tulen

Tujuan
Untuk mengkaji jika aloi lebih tahan kakisan
berbanding logam tulen
Mengenalpasti pembolehubah
CV isipadu larutan natrium klorida
MV jenis paku logam/ paku besi & keluli
RV ketahanan kakisan paku/ pengaratan paku/
keadaan paku
Radas dan Bahan
an iron nail, a steel nail, sodium chloride and
beakar

Bahagian C Soalan 10 : Mengeksperiment

JAWAPAN

1.
2.
3.
4.

Kaedah
Masukkan larutan natrium klorida ke dalam bikar
Kemudian masukkan paku besi & keluli ke dalam
bikar
Bikar dibiarkan selama 3 hari
Perhatikan keadaan paku selepas 3 hari dan
rekodkan di dalam jadual
Penjadualan data
Jenis paku
Keluli
Besi

Keadaan paku

Menjawab soalan kemahiran

berfikir
Tiga strategi berfikir
Soalan 11b /12b
Conceptualisation / membina konsep
Making Decisions / membuat keputusan
Problem Solving / penyelesaian masalah

Membina Konsep
Membuat pernyataan berdasarkan berdasarkan
hubungan dan ciri umum untuk membina maksud,
konsep dan model.
Langkah langkah menjawab:
1. Kenalpasti maklumat daripada rajah
- Ceritakan apa yang dilihat pada gambarajah
2. Kenalpasti ciri sepunya
3. Nyatakan konsep awal
- 2 ciri sepunya adalah konsep
4. Kenalpasti contoh lain
5. Kenalpasti bukan contoh
6. Nyatakan konsep sebenar
- Konsep adalah parameter bg konsep .. 2
ciri sepunya

Membina Konsep

Membina Konsep
JAWAPAN:
i. Maklumat: (1m)
Besi, kuprum, aluminium dan emas adalah logam
ii. Ciri sepunya : (2m)
a. Permukaan berkilat
b. Mulur
c. Konduktor haba yang baik
iii. Konsep awal : (1m)
Permukaan berkilat dan mulur adalah logam
iv. Contoh lain : (1m)
Natrium/Plumbum/Perak/Zink
v. Contoh bukan logam : (1m)
Karbon/Neon/Klorin/Sulfur
vi. Konsep logam : (1m)
Logam adalah bahan yang mempunyai permukaan berkilat dan
mulur

Penyelesaian Masalah
Mendapatkan penyelesaian untuk situasi yang
mencabar atau kurang popular atau sukar
dalam keadaan bersistem.

Langkah langkah
1. Kenalpasti masalah
2. Penjelasan masalah
3. Terangkan cara penyelesaian masalah
4. Kaedah terbaik dan penjelasan

Penyelesaian Masalah
Contoh item Bahagian C Soalan 11/12
b.

Kebanyakan bahan buangan domestik seperti

kertas dilupuskan dengan cara pembakaran
terbuka. Pembakaran terbuka akan
menyebabkan pencemaran udara. Terangkan
kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah ini.
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi
perkara-perkara berikut :

i. Kenalpasti masalah
( 1m)
Ii. Terangkan dua kaedah penyelesaian
(4m)
Iii. Pilih kaedah terbaik dan jelaskan pilihan anda
(1m)

Peraturan pemarkahan - sambungan

Kenalpasti masalah
Pembakaran terbuka menyebabkan pencemaran
udara(1m)
2 kaedah penyelesaian & penerangan
i. Insinerator - bahan buangan dibakar dalam
bekas
khas
ii. Kitar semula bahan buangan diproses atau
diguna semula
iii.
Ditanam - bahan buangan ditanam dalam
tanah
# Mana-mana 2 kaedah dan penerangan betul - 4m
Kaedah terbaik dan sebab
Insinerator/ Kitar semula / Ditanam
Tidak menyebabkan pencemaran alam sekitar

Membuat Keputusan

Memilih kaedah terbaik daripada beberapa

alternatif berdasarkan kriteria khusus untuk
mencapai tujuan tertentu.

Langkah-langkah menjawab
1. Kenalpasti tujuan.
2. Kenalpasti beberapa alternatif untuk
mencapai tujuan.
3. Susun alternatif mengikut keutamaan.
4. Nilai alternatif disenaraikan.
5. Pilih alternatif terbaik dan sebab.

Membuat Keputusan

Contoh soalan Membuat

Keputusan
Anda

mendapati keledek yang ditanam

mempunyai daun berwarna kuning dan
pertumbuhannya terbantut.
Cadangkan beberapa cara untuk mengatasi
keadaan ini dan pilih cara terbaik untuk
dilaksanakan.

Contoh Jawapan
i. Tujuan :
Mendapatkan pokok keledek yang tidak bantut dan berdaun hijau
(1m)
ii. Alternatif :
a. Guna baja mengandungi nitrogen dapat mengatasi masalah
daun kuning// menghasilkan pokok berdaun hijau dan
pertumbuhan baik/ tidak bantut (1m)
b. Guna baja mengandungi fosforus menghasilkan pokok yang
tidak bantut sahaja. (1m)
c. Guna baja mengandungi kalsium mengatasi masalah daun
kuning sahaja.
(1m)
iii. Urutan pilihan :
1. Guna baja nitrogen
2. Guna baja fosforus
3. Guna baja kalium (1m)
iv. Alternatif terbaik : Menggunakan baja nitrogen (1m)
v. Penerangan : Baja nitrogen dapat mengatasi pokok keledek bantut
dan tidak berdaun hijau. (1m)

SEKIAN

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SHAMSUL BIN SAINAN

SMKA LIMAUAN