Manajemen Proyek

What Is a Project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken

to accomplish a unique purpose
Attributes of projects
unique purpose
temporary definite beginning and ending
require resources, often from various areas
should have a primary sponsor and/or customer
involve uncertainty
Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info1
RELATED ENDEAVORS
Programs.
Subprojects.
is a group of projects
managed in a
coordinated way to
obtain benefits not
available from
managing them
individually
Projects divided into more

manageable components or
subprojects.
Subprojects are often
contracted out to an external
enterprise or to another
functional unit in the
performing organization.
The Triple Constraint

Every project is constrained in different ways
by its
Scope goals: What is the project trying to

accomplish?
Time goals: How long should it take to complete?
Cost goals: What should it cost?
It is the project managers duty to balance

these three often competing goals
The Triple Constraint of Project

Management
What is Project Management?

Project management is the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
project activities in order to meet project
requirements (PMI*, Project Management Body
of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 2000, p. 6)
*The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international
professional society devoted to the advancement of project
management. Their web site is www.pmi.org.
Project Management
Framework
Project Stakeholders
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by
project activities
Stakeholders include
the project sponsor and project team

support staff
customers
users
suppliers
opponents to the project
Interview stakeholder to determine their expectation for the

project
Involves the client as much as possible in the project
activities
9 Project Management
Knowledge Areas
Knowledge areas describe the key competencies
that project managers must develop
4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project

objectives (scope, time, cost, and quality)
4 facilitating knowledge areas are the means through
which the project objectives are achieved (human
resources, communication, risk, and procurement
management
1 knowledge area (project integration management)
affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas
Project Management Tools and

Techniques
Project management tools and techniques
assist project managers and their teams in
various aspects of project management
Some specific ones include
Project Charter and WBS (scope)

Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path
analysis, critical chain scheduling (time)
Cost estimates and earned value management
(cost)
Sample WBS for Intranet

Project in Chart Form
In t r a n e t P r o je c t
C oncept
W e b S it e
D e s ig n
W e b S it e
D e v e lo p m e n t
D e s ig n U s e r In t e r f a c e
D e v e lo p P a g e s
a n d L in k s
D e s ig n S e r v e r S e t u p
D e v e lo p
F u n c t io n a lit y
D e v e lo p S e r v e r
S u p p o r t In f r a s t r u c t u r e
C o n te n t
M ig r a t io n /In t e g r a t io n
R o ll O u t
S u p p o rt
T e s t in g
Sample Gantt Chart
The WBS is on the left, and each tasks start and finish date
are shown on the right using a calendar timescale.
Sample Network Diagram
Each box is a project task from the WBS. Arrows show dependencies
between tasks. The bolded tasks are on the critical path. If any tasks on the
critical path take longer than planned, the whole project will slip
unless something is done.
Sample Earned Value Chart

300
EAC
BAC
250
200
BCWS or Cumulative Plan

150
ACWP or Cumulative Actual

BCWP or Cumulative EV
BCWS
Cost Variance
100
ACWP
Schedule Variance
BWCP
50
0
1
10
11
12
Month
More Advantages of Project

Management
Bosses, customers, and other stakeholders do not like
surprises
Good project management (PM) provides assurance and
reduces risk
PM provides the tools and environment to plan, monitor,
track, and manage schedules, resources, costs, and quality
PM provides a history or metrics base for future planning as
well as good documentation
Project members learn and grow by working in a crossfunctional team environment
How Project Management

(PM) Relates to Other
Disciplines
Much of the knowledge needed to manage projects
is unique to PM
However, project managers must also have
knowledge and experience in
general management
the application area of the project
Project managers must focus on meeting specific

project objectives. SMART specific,
measurable, achievable, realistic and time-limited
Project Management and Other

Disciplines
PM Knowledge Continues to
Grow and Mature
The PMBOK Guide 2000 Edition is an ANSI
standard
PMIs certification department earned ISO 9000
certification
Hundreds of new books, articles, and
presentations related to project management have
been written in recent years
Project Management
Certification
PMI provides certification as a Project Management
Professional (PMP)
A PMP has documented sufficient project experience,
agreed to follow a code of ethics, and passed the PMP exam
The number of people earning PMP certification is
increasing quickly
PMI and other organizations are offering new certification
programs
Tekmetric / Brainbench Project Management Certification.
Project Management Software

By 2005, there were tens of different products to
assist in performing project management.
Microsoft Project 2003 most popular.
Project Portal to promote good project governance
transparency, participation and accountability
Project Info is a project document keeper and
project reporting and monitoring online system.
Project Cost Management
What is Cost and Project Cost

Management?
Cost is a resource sacrificed or fore-gone to
achieve a specific objective or something
given up in exchange
Costs are usually measured in monetary units
like dollars
Project cost management includes the
processes required to ensure that the project is
completed within an approved budget
Project Cost Management Processes

Resource planning: determining what resources
and quantities of them should be used
Cost estimating: developing an estimate of the
costs and resources needed to complete a project
Cost budgeting: allocating the overall cost
estimate to individual work items to establish a
baseline for measuring performance
Cost control: controlling changes to the project
budget
Perencanaan Sumber daya

Sifat dari proyek itu sendiri dan organisasi akan
mempengaruhi perencanaan sumber daya
Beberapa pertanyaan yang dipertimbangkan:
Seberapa sulit akan menjadi untuk melakukan tugas yang

spesifik dalam proyek ?How difficult will it be to do
specific tasks on the project?
Apakah ada sesuatu yang unik di pernyataan cakupan
proyek ini yang akan mempengaruhi sumber daya ?Is
there anything unique in this projects scope statement
that will affect resources?
Apakah terdapat sejarah organisasi yang melakukan tugas
yang serupa?What is the organizations history in doing
similar tasks?
Apakah organisasi memiliki atau mereka dapat
Memperkirakan biaya
Keluaran penting dalam biaya proyek
manajemen adalah memperkirakan biaya AN
important output of project cost management
is a cost estimate
Terdapat beberapa tipe dari perkiraan biaya
dan alat alat dan teknik untuk membantu
Penting juga untuk mengembangkan rencana
manajemen biaya yang menjelaskan tentang
bagaimana perbedaan biaya akan dapat
dikelola di dalam proyek. It is also important
Tipe dalam perkiraan biaya

Tipe perkiraan
Kapan selesai
Mengapa selesai
Seberapa akurat
Besarnya urutan
kasar
Sangat awal dalam

siklus hidup
proyek, sering 3-5
tahun sebelum
penyelesaian
proyek
Menyediakan secara
kasar mendekati
ruang lingkup (scope)
tentang biaya dari
pemilihan keputusan.
-25%, + 75%
Anggaran
Awal, 1- 2 tahun
Menempatkan dollar
dalam perencanaan
anggaran belanja
-10%, +25%
Definitive
Nanti dalam
proyek, <
Menyediakan rincian
untuk pembelian,
memperkiraan biaya
nyata.
-5%, +10%
en Done
Why Done
How Accurate
Perkiraan biaya alat dan teknik

3 alat utama dan teknik untuk
memperkirakan biaya :
Analog atau dari atas ke bawah:

menggunakan biaya nyata dari yang
sebelumnya, proyek yang serupa sebagai dasar
untuk perkiraan yang baru. use the actual cost of
a previous, similar project as the basis for the
new estimate
Dari bawah ke atas : memperkirakan barang
pekerjaan individu dan jumlahkan itu untuk
mendapatkan total dari
perkiraannya.
parametric: Menggunakan karakteristik proyek
Masalah yang khas dengan

perkiraan biaya
Mengembangkan suatu perkiraan untuk proyek besar adalah
tugas rumit yang membutuhkan sejumlah besar usaha.
Ingatlah bahwa perkiraan akan selesai dalam berbagai
tahapan di dalam proyek.
Banyak orang yang melakukan perkiraan memiliki sedikit
pengalaman dalam melakukannya. Mencoba untuk
memberikan pelatihan dan bimbingan.
Orang orang memiliki prasangka terhadap perkiraan yang
terlalu rendah. Tinjauan perkiraan dan menanyakan
pertanyaan penting untuk meyakinkan bahwa perkiraan
tidak berat sebelah. People have a bias toward
underestimation. Review estimates and ask important
questions to make sure estimates are not biased
Manajemen inginkan angka untuk tawaran, bukan perkiraan
Anggaran biaya
Anggaran biaya melibatkan pengalokasian
perkiraan biaya proyek untuk barang
pekerjaan individu dan menyediakan biaya
awalCost budget involves allocating the
project cost estimate to individual work
items and providing a cost baseline
Kontrol biaya
Biaya kontrol proyek meliputi
Mengamati kinerja biaya

Memastikan bahwa hanya perubahan proyek
yang sesuai yang termasuk di dalam biaya
dasar yang telah direvisi. ensuring that only
appropriate project changes are included in a
revised cost baseline
Menginformasikan pemangku kepentingan dari
perubahan yang di sahkan kepada proyek yang
akan mempengaruhi biaya. informing project
Pusat Pengembangan
Manajemen Proyek
www.proyek.info29
stakeholders of authorized
changes
to the
Manajemen nilai yang diperoleh

(EVM)
EVM adalah teknik pengukuran kinerja yang
memadukan cakupan, waktu, dan data biaya.
Mengingat awalnya (rencana asli ditambah
perubahan yang telah disetujui ) Given a baseline
(original plan plus approved changes), anda dapat
menentukan bagaimana baiknya suatu proyek agar
bertemu tujuan dari proyek itu sendiri. you can
determine how well the project is meeting its goals
Anda harus masuk informasi yang aktual secara
berkala untuk menggunakan EVM. Gambar di
bawah ini menunjukkan Pusat
contoh
bentuk
untuk
Pengembangan
Manajemen Proyek
www.proyek.info30
Earned Value Management Terms

The planned value (PV), formerly called the budgeted cost of
work scheduled (BCWS), also called the budget, is that portion
of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an
activity during a given period
Actual cost (AC), formerly called actual cost of work
performed (ACWP), is the total of direct and indirect costs
incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given
period
The earned value (EV), formerly called the budgeted cost of
work performed (BCWP), is the percentage of work actually
completed multiplied by the planned value
Earned Value Formulas
BCWP - ACWP
BCWP - BCWS
BCWP/ACWP
BCWP/BCWS
To estimate what it will cost to complete a project or how

long it will take based on performance to date, divide the
budgeted cost or time by the appropriate index.
Earned Value Calculations for One Activity

After Week One
BCWP
PV * % Complete
BCWS
ACWP
BCWP - ACWP
BCWP - BCWS
BCWP/ACWP
BCWP/BCWS
Rules of Thumb for EVA Numbers

Negative numbers for cost and schedule
variance indicate problems in those areas.
The project is costing more than planned or
taking longer than planned
CPI and SPI less than 100% indicate
problems
Earned Value Chart for Project

After Five Months
BCWS
ACWP
BCWP
Using Software to Assist in Cost

Management
Spreadsheets are a common tool for resource
planning, cost estimating, cost budgeting,
and cost control
Many companies use more sophisticated and
centralized financial applications software
for cost information
Project management software has many costrelated features

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What Is a Project?

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken

Projects divided into more

The Triple Constraint

Scope goals: What is the project trying to

It is the project managers duty to balance

The Triple Constraint of Project

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info4

What is Project Management?

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info6

the project sponsor and project team

Interview stakeholder to determine their expectation for the

4 core knowledge areas lead to specific project

Project Management Tools and

Project Charter and WBS (scope)

Sample WBS for Intranet

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info10

Sample Gantt Chart

Sample Network Diagram

Sample Earned Value Chart

BCWS or Cumulative Plan

ACWP or Cumulative Actual

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info13

More Advantages of Project

How Project Management

Project managers must focus on meeting specific

Project Management and Other

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info16

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info17

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info18

Project Management Software

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info19

Project Cost Management

What is Cost and Project Cost

Project Cost Management Processes

Perencanaan Sumber daya

Seberapa sulit akan menjadi untuk melakukan tugas yang

Tipe dalam perkiraan biaya

Sangat awal dalam

Perkiraan biaya alat dan teknik

Analog atau dari atas ke bawah:

Masalah yang khas dengan

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info28

Mengamati kinerja biaya

Manajemen nilai yang diperoleh

Earned Value Management Terms

Earned Value Formulas

To estimate what it will cost to complete a project or how

Earned Value Calculations for One Activity

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info33

Rules of Thumb for EVA Numbers

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info34

Earned Value Chart for Project

Pusat Pengembangan Manajemen Proyek www.proyek.info35

Using Software to Assist in Cost

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