Hatchery and Design

Considerations
What to do BEFORE you start?

1mm
WELL
SCREEN

MAIN SW
PUMPS (2)

PRESSURIZED
SAND FILTERS
(PSF)

OCEAN

BRINE
TANKS

OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR

BLOWER

OVERFLOW

HEAT
EXCH.

HEAT
EXCH.

LARVAL
MODULE
CULTURE
TANKS

LARVAL
MODULE
RESERVOIRS

MATURATION
MODULE
RESERVOIRS

PUMPS
PSF

MATURATION
MODULE
COMPRESSOR
CULTURE
TANKS

MAIN DRAINLINE

EFFLUENT
TREATMENT

FRESHWATER

UV

OZONE
UNIT

UV

DE-GAS
STORAGE
RESERVOIR

5 MICRON
FILTERS
1 MICRON
FILTERS

OZONE
CONTACT
COLUMNS

OZONE
UNIT
COMPRESSOR
OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR
BLOWER

SEAWATER TREATMENT SCHEMATIC

Lecture 1: Farm Site

Selection
Objectives:
Proper approach to site selection:
conceptualization
Good vs. bad information
Water (part 1): quality criteria, source, capacity,
tidal issues
Soil (part 2): texture, chemical properties
Vegetation, climatic, other determinants
Evaluation process (part 3)

Conceptualizing the Site

WHAT WENT WRONG?

IMPROPER SITE SELECTION

INAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERING
INADEQUATE FINANCING
INEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRY

SITE SELECTION IS CRITICAL:

IT CAN DETERMINE:

LOAN POTENTIAL
ENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNS
LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCY
PRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
BUSINESS STRATEGY
MARKETING/SALES STRATEGY

WHY "BAD" SITES ARE SELECTED

ALL THE WRONG REASONS!
"THE LAND PRICE WAS A BARGAIN!
"THE GOVERNMENT WUS JUS GIVIN IT AWAY!
"HEY, IT WAS NEAR THE WATER!
...BUT THERE WERE OTHER FARMERS NEARBY.
"NOBODY ELSE WANTED IT!"

CONCEPTUALIZE THE SITE:

WHAT CONSTITUTES A SITE?
A PIECE OF LAND? COAST? COUNTRY?
A SPECIFIC PROFIT CENTER?
A SPECIFIC PRODUCT?
SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION?

ASSUMPTIONS
STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
PLAN TO UTILIZE EVERY INCENTIVE
STRIVING FOR

INTEGRATION

V
E
R
T
I
C
A
L

DISCLAIMERS
NO SITE IS TYPICAL
NO PROJECT IS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE
NO GOVERNMENT IS ENTIRELY ACCOMODATING
MONEY DOES NOT GROW ON TREES
THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES!!!

Hatchery Sanitation
Purpose 1: prevent foreign agents from
entering hatchery (What does this control?)
Purpose 2: limits disease spread to tank of
origin (doesnt run from
tank to tank, etc.

Is clear water clean??

Pick a good site!!!

Hawaiian Hatcheries,
Phillipines

Typical Well Abstraction

Perforated well
screen (500 M), 4
in. PVC

high tide

Discharge to
hatchery

2 in.
PVC

Perforated well
screen (250 M)

low tide
hydrologic zone

Sealed
concrete
pump
house

2-3 hp selfpriming/cooling
centrifugal
pump

Seawater Abstraction:
well-point
Ocean bottom
6-8 ft

Pea
gravel

Microscreen1mm

sand
substrate

24 in.
perforated
pipe

Seawater Abstraction:
open ocean intake

Hatchery Sanitation

Preventive Guidelines

Reduces vertically-transmitted pathogens:

1) import only eggs, never juveniles/adults
2) eggs should be from SPF/high health facilities
3) wild individuals should be prohibited or all
water, etc. needs to be disinfected
4) disinfect all eggs prior to stocking hatching
containers (also disinfect/destroy all shipping
containers)
chemicals: iodophores (Argentyne) 100 ppm for
10-15 min

Guidelines for Limiting Spread

Disinfect all hatchery and personal equipment
after or between use (equipment must be clean
prior to disinfection)
sports fishermen or farmers should never be
allowed near facility (political issue)
transfer/shipping equipment, vehicles must all
be disinfected whenever leaving grounds
do not overlook any possible source of
contamination
proper hatchery design limits spread

Biosecurity: General Issues

Definition: the sum of all procedures in place to
protect shrimp from contracting, carrying and
spreading diseases
critical to identify all known and potential vectors
critical: use only seed from SPF or high-health
facilities
stocks monitored periodically for disease using
rapid methodologies
infection of facility = shut-down, complete
disinfection (chlorine gas, formaldehyde, etc.)

Biosecurity: General Issues

Other potential disease sources: incoming
water
facility should be isolated from other farms,
processing plants, capture fisheries
water should be recycled
replacement water disinfected by chlorine,
ozone, ultraviolet light
avoid vectors: gulls, dogs, crabs, etc.
feeds ( prepared vs. raw)

Part 2. Biosecurity
Recently, fish/shrimp disease agents and
associated problems have spread from foreign
countries to the U.S.
major efforts established defense against
disease
due to severity of issue, parallel efforts were
undertaken to design production systems to
exclude diseases
such systems are called biosecure
key issue: zero water exchange