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Name

Roll no

Ameer Hamza

Topic

History of Aviation

BAM-F15-07

Some important points and questions?


Q: Define Aviation?
A: Aviation is the field which includes not only flying but all
the activities relating to airborne devices created by
human ingenuity, generally known as aircraft.
Aviation is the design, development, production,
operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air
aircraft.

Q: Define History of Aviation?


A: History of Aviation refers to the history of development
of mechanical flightfrom the earliest attempts in kites
and gliders to powered heavier-than-air, supersonic and
spaceflights.

Chines role in aviation


As early as 400 BC, kites were made
Chinese had developed kites powerful enough to carry a
man aloft.
These kites were brought to Europe by sailors and
merchants
Chinese made four main types of kites

Centipede- or Skolopender Kites


Hard Winged Kites
Soft Winged Kites
Flat kites

Centipede- or Skolopender Kites


Centipedes are kites-trains with a
dragon head.Head and
disks are interconnected with one,
mostly three lines. Centipedes may
have enormous power. These kites
gives an attractive and vivid in-flight
view

Hard Winged Kites


They have bamboo frames which
gives strength. They are covered
with paper or silk glued on top.
Usually have a separate kite sail
which will arch according to the
wind

Soft Winged Kites


They are based on rigid frames, but
have one flexible section.
Flat Kites
Flat kites are constructed within a
single bamboo frame.
All (four) sides of the frame or of
the frame segments are limited by
bamboo spars.
These kites are very easy to fly and
have stable inflight behavior

Abbas Ibn Firnas


Thousand years before the Wright brothers and Davinci
Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer
named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to
construct a flying machine.
In 875, using a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he
tried again and flew for 10 minutes. Landing was
improper, but he is credited with these two attempts

In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand


Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened
with wooden struts.

Hero and the Aeolipile


Ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked
with air pressure and steam to create sources of power.
Aeolipile which used jets of steam to create rotary
motion.
Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire
below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas
traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped
tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to
escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it
to rotate

Leonardo da Vinci - The Ornithopter


1485
The Ornithopter flying machine was never actually
created.
It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci created to show
how man could fly.
The modern day helicopter is based on this concept

Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier


The brothers, Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne
Montgolfier, were inventors of the first hot air balloon

In 1783, the first passengers were a sheep, rooster and


duck. It climbed to a height of about 6,000 feet and
traveled more than 1 mile.
First manned flight was on November 21, 1783

George Cayley
George Cayley designed many gliders that could be
controlled. (1799-1850)
For over 50 years he made improvements to the
Gliders
He designed a tail for the gliders to help with the
stability.
He tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider.
He recognized the need for a power source.

Otto Lilienthal
German engineer, studied aerodynamics and worked to
design a glider that would fly
Wrote a book on aerodynamics that was published in
1889 and this text was used by the Wright Brothers as
the basis for their designs.
Had more than 2500 flights
Died while flying

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