CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION

2.

WATERJET CUTTING

3.

WHAT IS ICEJET MACHINING

4.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

5.

APPARATUS

6.

RESULT

7.

OTHER MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF ICEJET CUTTING

8.

ADVANTAGES

9.

DISADVANTAGES

10.

CONCLUSION

11.

REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
Machining

is a broad term to describe removal of

material from a workpiece.

 Otherwise

the process is non-traditional.

Icejet

machining is a non-traditional
machining process

WATERJET CUTTING

Process of cutting a wide variety of materials

using a very high-pressure jet of water, or a
mixture of water and an abrasive substance.

Used in industries, including mining and

aerospace.

Types

of waterjet cutting.

1.

Abrasive waterjet cutting.

2.

Icejet cutting.
4

WHAT IS ICEJET MACHINING?

In

Abrasive water Jet Machining process(AWJM)

abrasive particles like silicon carbide and aluminum
oxide are used for machining.

Ice

jet machining is derivative of AWJM machining

process in which ice particles are used in place of
abrasive particles.

 Two

types of ice particle generation:

USING ICE GENERATOR

Figure

shows ice generation by

introducing the liquid nitrogen
to the atomized water droplets.

Temperature

of the liquid
nitrogen is -196C.

As

the water comes into

contact with liquid nitrogen it is
converted into ice particles.

It

is collected into the storage

tank and additionally cooled.

BY INTRODUCING CRYOGENIC GAS TO

WATER JET

Liquid

Nitrogen is directly
introduced to the water
jet.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Hardness

of ice grains increases with decreasing

temperature.

The

lowest temperature at which the hardness of ice was

measured and reported is -78.5C, with value of
6Mohs.Harder abrasive such as aluminium oxide have
hardness of 9Mohs.

Crystal

Structure of Ice is Hexagonal Closed Pack (HCP).

This

form of ice provides it with suitable hardness as an

abrasive.

APPARATUS
Apparatus

for the IJM are different depending upon

the procedure by which the ice particles are
generated.

Components

like nozzle, compressor etc. remains

same.
Different
Nozzle

nozzle size have different nozzle velocity.

size affect jet temperature.

10

Volume flow of water at different pressures and water nozzles.

No.

Pressure

Water nozzle

Volume flow of

(MPa)

Diameter

Water

(mm)

(L/min)

200

0.20

1.15

0.15

0.65

250

0.20

1.27

0.15

0.71

280

0.20

1.34

0.15

0.75

11

thermocouples were used to measure and

regulate temperature of different parts.

12

 TC1

- measure ambient temperature.

TC2

- water entering high pressure pump.

TC3

- water exiting high pressure pump.

TC4

- positioned downstream the pressure

regulating valve.

TC5

- measure water temperature entering nozzle.

TC6

- measure water temperature inside catcher

tank.

TC7

- measure temperature of cooling fluid.

13

IceJet machning apparatus developed under Project ICEJET

Marko Jerman, Henri Orbanic, Mihael Junkar and Andrej Lebar.

14

RESULT
Surfaces

shows a wavy characteristics of erosion.

Did

not confirmed the essential effect of cryogenic

shrinkage of coatings, which could intensify
decoating process.

15

 The

result shows that ambient temperature at TC1

has no effect on water temperature at TC6.

TC2

has small effect on output temperature.

Temperature

in the catching vessel is affected by

pressure and temperature of water flowing through
the water nozzle and not by the diameter of the
nozzle.

16

17

OTHER MAJOR APPLICATION OF ICEJET

CUTTING
Cutting

of food particles.

Bio-Medical
Cutting

industries.

of metals.

18

ADVANTAGES
Causes

less environment pollution compared to

other conventional machining process.

Ice

particles assisting water jet cutting offer up to

40% more biomaterial removal compared to plain
water process.

19

DISADVANTAGES
High

capital cost of the equipment.

20

21

CONCLUSION
Ice

Jet is an environmentally friendly process which

makes worth its value.

Effectiveness

of surface treatment with a highpressure water-ice jet depends on the quality of ice
particles.

The

water temperature measurements on different

parts of the system have been used to identify the
place of heat generation.

Offers

up to 40% more biomaterial removal.

22

REFERENCE
1.

Marko Jerman; Henri Orbanic; Mihael Junkar and Andrej Lebar, Thermal aspects
of ice abrasive water jet technology, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2015, Vol.
7(8) 19.

2.

P. Borkowski, Basis of high-pressure water-ice jet creation and application for

surface treatment, Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 39, 2003 WIT Press.

3.

F W Bach; T Hassel; C Biskup; N Hinte; A Schenk, In-process generation of water

ice particles for cutting and cleaning purposes, 20th International Conference on Water
Jetting, Graz, Austria, 20-22 October 2010.

4.

J A McGeough, Cutting of Food Products by Ice-particles in a Water-jet, 18th

CIRP Conference on Electro Physical and Chemical Machining (ISEM XVIII) 2016.

5.

K Kluz; E S Geskin, Application of ice powder in biomedical and food industries,

2005 WJTA American Waterjet Conference August 21-23, 2005.

6.

P BORKOWSKI, Principles of surface treatment with high-pressure hybrid jet,

ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Vol. V, 2005.

7.

Krzysztof Kluz; Ernest S Geskin, Application of ice-air jet blasting in treatment of

sensitive surfaces, Int. J. Abrasive Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007.

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THANKYOU
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