Textile Raw

Materials

Prepared By
Engr. Rashidul
Islam(Rashed)
Prepared By Rashed

TEX ILES
LES PRODUCTI
PR UCTION
O FLOW
FL W
TEXTI
IL
AL
TEXTILE
RAW
(
N MADE
MATERIAL
(NATURAL/MANMADE)
(S
YARN
MANUFACTURING
M
N
(SPINNING)
(
I N KNI
FABRIC
TEXTILES
TEX
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSING
(WEAVING/KNITTING)
GARMENT
GAR
M
MANUFACTURING

U I NG

BZU TEXTILE ENGINEERS

Prepared By Rashed

Textiles Raw
Materials
Nature presents a large variety of fibers.
Beside this it is possible today to produce
a number of different kinds of man made
fibers but only a relatively small amount of
this is actually used in textile industry.

Prepared By Rashed

Raw Material
Blends
Textile raw materials are selected as per
the manufacturing policy of the company
i.e.
whether a composite mill or only
a spinning, weaving or dyeing
/finishing.
Cotton mills are usually using the blends of
cotton polyester, cotton viscose, cotton
acrylic, blends of more then two fibers
suit various purpose. Proper selection of
the suitable raw material is directly linked
with the quality of the planned production.
Prepared By Rashed

Textile
Fiber
Fiber is a matter
flexibility, fineness and
length to thickness. It
least length to diameter
to consider a fiber.

which includes
a high ratio
of
ratio
is 1000 at
is necessary

Some
additional characteristics are
the
required for textile fibers,
certain
as
such stability at high temperature,
minimum strength
& extensibility.
a
Prepared By Rashed

RA W MATERI
ATE IALS
AL TYPES
TYP
RAW
NATURAL
NATURAL I BERS
FIBERS
ANIM
ANI MA
L

VEGITABL
TABL
E

SILK
LK
W OO
L
HAIR

COTTO
O
N
N
F
FLAX
JU
JUTE

MAN-MADEF
FIBERS
SYNTHETIC
CS
S

REGENRATE
REGENRATED
D

V VISCOSE
RAYON
RAYON
U RO.
CUPRO.
ACETA
ACETATE
UBB R
S
RUBBER
MINERAL
MI
BASE
GL BASE
S
TA )

POLYESTER
POLY
NYLONN
ACRYLIC
ACRYL
POLYURETHAN
H
E

MIMINERAL
BASE
BASE
S ST )

(GL ASS/METAL)

(ASBESTOS)

BZU TEXTILE ENGINEERS

Prepared By Rashed

Physical Types of
Fiber
1 . Staple Fibers: Any fiber
with
practically limited
a finite length
or
is
called Staple Fiber These are small
length fiber like cotton, wool, jute etc. it
may be natural (Cotton) or man-made
(Viscose rayon, Polyester).
2. Filament Fibers: All fibers having a
practically unlimited or infinite length
are called filaments. Filament fibers are
continuous (long) fiber. It may be natural
like silk or synthetic like Nylon.
Prepared By Rashed

Cotto
n
The cotton fiber from the
plant as the
long hair
attached to the seed inside
the boll. As the plant grow
the fibers packed tightly
into the boll. When it
reached to maturity , the
bolls bursts and cotton
appears as a soft wad of
fine fibers.

Each cotton seed may

produce as many as 20000
fibers on its surface, and a
single
boll will containsPrepared By Rashed
150,000 fibers.

Cotton Fiber Production

1. CULTIVATION
2. PICKING/HARVESTING
3. GINNING

Prepared By Rashed

Ginning
After picking from field the cotton fibers are
separated from seeds by Ginning Process.
Quite often wet & damp cotton is
presented to Ginneries which cannot be
perfectly pass through the machine
passages and generally cases to loose a
large percentage of foreign substance . All
foreign matter can not be taken out
during ginning.
Prepared By Rashed

Types of
Ginning
1. Saw Ginning: In saw ginning
circular saw revolves on one
shaft. The quality of cotton is
more clean in saw ginning. But
Fiber breakage (Gin cut) is too
high in saw ginning.

2.
3. Roller Ginning: In case of roller
ginning the cotton fibers are
separated by revolving rollers.
The
cotton
contains
comparatively more trash.
Prepared By Rashed

Bast
Fibers
fibers

These
are
constructed of long thick
walled
cells
which
overlapped one and
other; they are cemented
together by non cellulose
material
to
form
continues strand
that
may run the entire length
of the plant stem.
On the quantity based the
jute is most important in
the bast textile fibers,
but the most of is made
into baggage
cloths.
Prepared By Rashed

Flax
The production of the flax
is 1/7 of the jute fibers,
but the flax is the fibers
from which we make linen;
it is on that basis the most
important of the bast
fibers in textiles.
Flax appears to be the
earliest vegetable
bast
fiber to be used industrially
and there
fibers come
from the stem of an annul
plant which grown was
confirmed from almost in
all European country, Russia
& NorthPrepared
America
By Rashed .

Production Flow of Flax

1.

Cultivation

2.

Harvesting

3.

Rippling

4.

Retting

5.

Breaking and Scutching

6.

Heckling

Prepared By Rashed

When the
reaches to
Harvesting:
plant
height of 3`-4` as consider full
growth the plant is pulled up & cut down.
Rippling: Removal of leaves and seeds by a
series of up right forks.
Retting: It involve the decomposition of
the woody matter enclosing the cellulose
fibers.

Prepared By Rashed

 Scutching: This process separates

unwanted woody matter from fibers.
Heckling: This process is like the combing
process of cotton fibers, The coarse
bundle of fibers are separated from finer
bundles, and the fibers are also arranged
parallel to one another the longer fine
fibers.
Prepared By Rashed

Wool Production
The sheep was an obvious
choice when human needs
worm clothing, as he wanted
an animal that would
provide a skin of size
suitable for use as a human
garment: and he wanted, at
the same time, a creature
that grew a soft and
comfortable fleece.
Modern sheep have been
bread to provide as a large
proposition of wool as
possible.

Prepared By Rashed

Wool Grading

When the bales of the wools

are opened in the mills, the
fleeces are skirted if this
has not already been done.
The fleece may be
classified as whole or, if
variable in quality,
separated in to sections
such as shoulders, ides,
back, thighs and birth and
belly.
In general, the shoulder
provides the best wool and
the flanks a slight lower
quality. The belly, the tails
and legs yield the poorest
quality of wool.

Prepared By Rashed

Recovered wool:

Types of Recycle
Wool

The supply of the wool available to the

world every year amounts to about 2700
million kg (6000 million lbs.). After scouring,
the weight is reduced to some 1550 million
kg of pure wool.
This crop of wool is insufficient to meet the
worlds needs, and the supply is maintained
to some extend by re-using wool which has
already been made in to yarns and fabrics.

Prepared By Rashed

All wool and

virgin wool:

A fabric or garment label as all wool

is not
made
from
necessarily fleece new may contain
wool;
it recovered
a
proportion
of the
wool. It
is customary to refer to new wool
materials as virgin wool. The wool
mark, which designates such virgin
wools, guarantees that a fabric is
made from the new wools.
Prepared By Rashed

Sil
k

Silk is not grown in the

form of hair, but it is
produced
by
insects
which makes their webs.
Cocoons
&
climbing
ropes. Almost the entire
commercial silk industry
is based on one insect as
known silk worm. The
silk is made by it, when it
wants to
change in
chrysalis, then a moth.
It spins the silk rapes
the fiber around itself in
the form of a cocoon,
inside which it can
settle down in comfort.
Prepared By Rashed

Silk
Production

Production
Hatching:
Process of hatching
Moulting:
Spinning the cocoon:
Reeling:
De-gumming:

Prepared By Rashed

Prepared By Rashed

 Production: The silk

worm is the cater pillar
of a small half moths
belonging to bombyx it
lives only on leaves of
mulberry tree. The silk
worm spent their life in
eating leaves.
Hatching: Eggs of silk
worm are warm up
for
hatching in winter. Hatching
is done by spreading the
eggs over the trays in the
hatching shed and chopped
leaves of mulberry trees are
spread on the perforated
paper. The worm climbs
through the holes foreatIing the
leaves.

Silk
Production

Prepared By Rashed

 Moulting: After 35 days

of hatching worm
is
10000 times as heavy as
it was born and it has
become greenish white
cater pillar.
Now it is
ready to start spinning,
silk worm built its cocoon
to settle down in it.
Spinning the cocoon:
The liquid silk comes from
two
glands
called
spinneret in the silk worm
head, as the liquid comes
out it is hardened into
very fine filaments which
are coated by a gummy
substance called sericin
which comes from other
two glands nearly.

Prepared By Rashed

 Reeling: The unwinding

of filament from
cocoon, is called reeling.
The
De-gumming:
natural gum, sericin is
normally left on silk
during
reeling
&
weaving, it acts as a
sizing material which
protects fibers from
mechanical injury. The
gum is removed from
the finished
yarn of
fabrics usually by boiling
with soap in water.

Prepared By Rashed

 Thank You

Prepared By Rashed